در
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the root د ر ر (d-r-r). From Proto-Afroasiatic *dâr- (“to increase”). Cognate with Old South Arabian 𐩵𐩧𐩧 (drr, “abundance, harvest”).
Verb edit
دَرَّ • (darra) I, non-past يَدِرُّ or يَدُرُّ (yadirru or yadurru)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
دَرّ darr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
dārr | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
madrūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | darartu |
dararta |
دَرَّ darra |
darartumā |
darrā |
dararnā |
darartum |
darrū | |||
f | dararti |
darrat |
darratā |
darartunna |
dararna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔadirru or ʔadurru |
tadirru or tadurru |
yadirru or yadurru |
tadirrāni or tadurrāni |
yadirrāni or yadurrāni |
nadirru or nadurru |
tadirrūna or tadurrūna |
yadirrūna or yadurrūna | |||
f | tadirrīna or tadurrīna |
tadirru or tadurru |
tadirrāni or tadurrāni |
tadrirna or tadrurna |
yadrirna or yadrurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔadirra or ʔadurra |
tadirra or tadurra |
yadirra or yadurra |
tadirrā or tadurrā |
yadirrā or yadurrā |
nadirra or nadurra |
tadirrū or tadurrū |
yadirrū or yadurrū | |||
f | tadirrī or tadurrī |
tadirra or tadurra |
tadirrā or tadurrā |
tadrirna or tadrurna |
yadrirna or yadrurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔadirra or ʔadirri or ʔadrir or ʔadurra or ʔadurri or ʔadrur |
tadirra or tadirri or tadrir or tadurra or tadurri or tadrur |
yadirra or yadirri or yadrir or yadurra or yadurri or yadrur |
tadirrā or tadurrā |
yadirrā or yadurrā |
nadirra or nadirri or nadrir or nadurra or nadurri or nadrur |
tadirrū or tadurrū |
yadirrū or yadurrū | |||
f | tadirrī or tadurrī |
tadirra or tadirri or tadrir or tadurra or tadurri or tadrur |
tadirrā or tadurrā |
tadrirna or tadrurna |
yadrirna or yadrurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | dirra or dirri or idrir or durra or durri or udrur |
dirrā or durrā |
dirrū or durrū |
||||||||
f | dirrī or durrī |
idrirna or udrurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | دُرَّ durra |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yudarru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yudarra |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yudarra or yudarri or yudrar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
دَرّ • (darr) m
- verbal noun of دَرَّ (darra) (form I)
- copious flow of milk
- milk, lactation
- achievement, accomplishment
- nature, natural disposition
- soul, mind, intellect
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- لِلَّٰهِ دَرُّكَ (lillāhi darruka)
References edit
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “در”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
دُرّ • (durr) m (collective, singulative دُرَّة f (durra), paucal دُرَّات (durrāt) or دُرَر (durar))
Declension edit
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُرّ durr |
الدُّرّ ad-durr |
دُرّ durr |
Nominative | دُرٌّ durrun |
الدُّرُّ ad-durru |
دُرُّ durru |
Accusative | دُرًّا durran |
الدُّرَّ ad-durra |
دُرَّ durra |
Genitive | دُرٍّ durrin |
الدُّرِّ ad-durri |
دُرِّ durri |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُرَّة durra |
الدُّرَّة ad-durra |
دُرَّة durrat |
Nominative | دُرَّةٌ durratun |
الدُّرَّةُ ad-durratu |
دُرَّةُ durratu |
Accusative | دُرَّةً durratan |
الدُّرَّةَ ad-durrata |
دُرَّةَ durrata |
Genitive | دُرَّةٍ durratin |
الدُّرَّةِ ad-durrati |
دُرَّةِ durrati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | دُرَّتَيْن durratayn |
الدُّرَّتَيْن ad-durratayn |
دُرَّتَيْ durratay |
Nominative | دُرَّتَانِ durratāni |
الدُّرَّتَانِ ad-durratāni |
دُرَّتَا durratā |
Accusative | دُرَّتَيْنِ durratayni |
الدُّرَّتَيْنِ ad-durratayni |
دُرَّتَيْ durratay |
Genitive | دُرَّتَيْنِ durratayni |
الدُّرَّتَيْنِ ad-durratayni |
دُرَّتَيْ durratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal; basic broken paucal triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُرَّات; دُرَر durrāt; durar |
الدُّرَّات; الدُّرَر ad-durrāt; ad-durar |
دُرَّات; دُرَر durrāt; durar |
Nominative | دُرَّاتٌ; دُرَرٌ durrātun; durarun |
الدُّرَّاتُ; الدُّرَرُ ad-durrātu; ad-duraru |
دُرَّاتُ; دُرَرُ durrātu; duraru |
Accusative | دُرَّاتٍ; دُرَرًا durrātin; duraran |
الدُّرَّاتِ; الدُّرَرَ ad-durrāti; ad-durara |
دُرَّاتِ; دُرَرَ durrāti; durara |
Genitive | دُرَّاتٍ; دُرَرٍ durrātin; durarin |
الدُّرَّاتِ; الدُّرَرِ ad-durrāti; ad-durari |
دُرَّاتِ; دُرَرِ durrāti; durari |
Descendants edit
Etymology 4 edit
Verb edit
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of دَارَ (dāra)
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Armenian դար (dar, “high place, precipice”).
Noun edit
در (dir) ?
- side of a mountain
References edit
- Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “դար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
در • (der)
- Alternative form of تر (ter, “sweat”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Classical Persian در (durr), from Arabic دُرّ (durr).
Noun edit
در • (dür)
- pearl
- (figurative) a beautiful girl
Etymology 3 edit
Preposition edit
در • (der)
- in, into
- within, among
Etymology 4 edit
Contraction of دورور (durur, “it stands”).
Verb edit
در • (dır, dir, dur, dür)
Descendants edit
Etymology 5 edit
Phrase edit
در • (dur)
- it is
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “در”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 892
Pashto edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
در • (dar)
- toward you (pronominal prefix of the second person)
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /andar/, “in, among, towards, concerning”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).[1]
Alternative forms edit
- (archaic) اندر (andar)
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [daɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dar |
Dari reading? | dar |
Iranian reading? | dar |
Tajik reading? | dar |
Preposition edit
Dari | در |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | дар |
در • (dar)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace, chapter, subject”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuarəm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindustani बार (bār) / بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [daɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dar |
Dari reading? | dar |
Iranian reading? | dar |
Tajik reading? | dar |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun edit
Dari | دَروازهَ |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | در |
Tajik | дар |
در • (dar) (plural درها (dar-hâ))
Usage notes edit
- The usage of در as "door", while still understood, has become uncommon in Dari.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
در • (der)
- (dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن
- حالا کم کم میبینُم کار دِرَه بالا میگیرِه.
- hâlâ kam kam mi-binom kâr dera bâlâ mi-gire.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Etymology 4 edit
Borrowed from Arabic دُرّ (durr).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [duɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪oɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dur |
Dari reading? | dur |
Iranian reading? | dor |
Tajik reading? | dur |
Noun edit
در • (dorr)
Etymology 5 edit
Verb edit
در • (dar)
References edit
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “در”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 500
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian در (dar). Doublet of دوار (dvār).
Noun edit
دَر • (dar) m (Hindi spelling दर) (poetic)
Related terms edit
Ushojo edit
Etymology 1 edit
Preposition edit
در (dar)
Adverb edit
در (dar)
Etymology 2 edit
From Classical Persian در (dar).
Noun edit
در (dar)