سفر
Arabic edit
Root |
---|
س ف ر (s-f-r) |
Etymology 1 edit
Compare Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀸 (šapārum, “to send”).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Noun edit
سَفَر • (safar) m (plural أَسْفَار (ʔasfār))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سَفَر safar |
السَّفَر as-safar |
سَفَر safar |
Nominative | سَفَرٌ safarun |
السَّفَرُ as-safaru |
سَفَرُ safaru |
Accusative | سَفَرًا safaran |
السَّفَرَ as-safara |
سَفَرَ safara |
Genitive | سَفَرٍ safarin |
السَّفَرِ as-safari |
سَفَرِ safari |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سَفَرَيْن safarayn |
السَّفَرَيْن as-safarayn |
سَفَرَيْ safaray |
Nominative | سَفَرَانِ safarāni |
السَّفَرَانِ as-safarāni |
سَفَرَا safarā |
Accusative | سَفَرَيْنِ safarayni |
السَّفَرَيْنِ as-safarayni |
سَفَرَيْ safaray |
Genitive | سَفَرَيْنِ safarayni |
السَّفَرَيْنِ as-safarayni |
سَفَرَيْ safaray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَسْفَار ʔasfār |
الْأَسْفَار al-ʔasfār |
أَسْفَار ʔasfār |
Nominative | أَسْفَارٌ ʔasfārun |
الْأَسْفَارُ al-ʔasfāru |
أَسْفَارُ ʔasfāru |
Accusative | أَسْفَارًا ʔasfāran |
الْأَسْفَارَ al-ʔasfāra |
أَسْفَارَ ʔasfāra |
Genitive | أَسْفَارٍ ʔasfārin |
الْأَسْفَارِ al-ʔasfāri |
أَسْفَارِ ʔasfāri |
Descendants edit
- Gulf Arabic: سفر (sifar)
- → Armenian: սափար (sapʿar), սաֆար (safar)
- → Azerbaijani: səfər
- → Kazakh: сапар (sapar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: سفر
- Turkish: sefer
- → Persian: سفر
- → Swahili: safari
- → Hindustani:
- → Punjabi: ਸਫ਼ਰ (safar)
- → Chagatai:
Pronunciation 2 edit
Verb edit
سَفَّرَ • (saffara) II, non-past يُسَفِّرُ (yusaffiru)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tasfīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
musaffir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
musaffar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | saffartu |
saffarta |
سَفَّرَ saffara |
saffartumā |
saffarā |
saffarnā |
saffartum |
saffarū | |||
f | saffarti |
saffarat |
saffaratā |
saffartunna |
saffarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusaffiru |
tusaffiru |
yusaffiru |
tusaffirāni |
yusaffirāni |
nusaffiru |
tusaffirūna |
yusaffirūna | |||
f | tusaffirīna |
tusaffiru |
tusaffirāni |
tusaffirna |
yusaffirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusaffira |
tusaffira |
yusaffira |
tusaffirā |
yusaffirā |
nusaffira |
tusaffirū |
yusaffirū | |||
f | tusaffirī |
tusaffira |
tusaffirā |
tusaffirna |
yusaffirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusaffir |
tusaffir |
yusaffir |
tusaffirā |
yusaffirā |
nusaffir |
tusaffirū |
yusaffirū | |||
f | tusaffirī |
tusaffir |
tusaffirā |
tusaffirna |
yusaffirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | سَفِّرْ saffir |
saffirā |
saffirū |
||||||||
f | saffirī |
saffirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | suffirtu |
suffirta |
سُفِّرَ suffira |
suffirtumā |
suffirā |
suffirnā |
suffirtum |
suffirū | |||
f | suffirti |
suffirat |
suffiratā |
suffirtunna |
suffirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusaffaru |
tusaffaru |
yusaffaru |
tusaffarāni |
yusaffarāni |
nusaffaru |
tusaffarūna |
yusaffarūna | |||
f | tusaffarīna |
tusaffaru |
tusaffarāni |
tusaffarna |
yusaffarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusaffara |
tusaffara |
yusaffara |
tusaffarā |
yusaffarā |
nusaffara |
tusaffarū |
yusaffarū | |||
f | tusaffarī |
tusaffara |
tusaffarā |
tusaffarna |
yusaffarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusaffar |
tusaffar |
yusaffar |
tusaffarā |
yusaffarā |
nusaffar |
tusaffarū |
yusaffarū | |||
f | tusaffarī |
tusaffar |
tusaffarā |
tusaffarna |
yusaffarna |
Pronunciation 3 edit
Verb edit
سَفَرَ • (safara) I, non-past يَسْفِرُ (yasfiru) (archaic)
- to strip, to remove, to sweep away, to carry off in every direction
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
سَفْر safr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
sāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
masfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | safartu |
safarta |
سَفَرَ safara |
safartumā |
safarā |
safarnā |
safartum |
safarū | |||
f | safarti |
safarat |
safaratā |
safartunna |
safarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔasfiru |
tasfiru |
yasfiru |
tasfirāni |
yasfirāni |
nasfiru |
tasfirūna |
yasfirūna | |||
f | tasfirīna |
tasfiru |
tasfirāni |
tasfirna |
yasfirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔasfira |
tasfira |
yasfira |
tasfirā |
yasfirā |
nasfira |
tasfirū |
yasfirū | |||
f | tasfirī |
tasfira |
tasfirā |
tasfirna |
yasfirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔasfir |
tasfir |
yasfir |
tasfirā |
yasfirā |
nasfir |
tasfirū |
yasfirū | |||
f | tasfirī |
tasfir |
tasfirā |
tasfirna |
yasfirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | isfir |
isfirā |
isfirū |
||||||||
f | isfirī |
isfirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | sufirtu |
sufirta |
سُفِرَ sufira |
sufirtumā |
sufirā |
sufirnā |
sufirtum |
sufirū | |||
f | sufirti |
sufirat |
sufiratā |
sufirtunna |
sufirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusfaru |
tusfaru |
yusfaru |
tusfarāni |
yusfarāni |
nusfaru |
tusfarūna |
yusfarūna | |||
f | tusfarīna |
tusfaru |
tusfarāni |
tusfarna |
yusfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusfara |
tusfara |
yusfara |
tusfarā |
yusfarā |
nusfara |
tusfarū |
yusfarū | |||
f | tusfarī |
tusfara |
tusfarā |
tusfarna |
yusfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusfar |
tusfar |
yusfar |
tusfarā |
yusfarā |
nusfar |
tusfarū |
yusfarū | |||
f | tusfarī |
tusfar |
tusfarā |
tusfarna |
yusfarna |
Verb edit
سَفَرَ • (safara) I, non-past يَسْفِرُ (yasfiru)
- (intransitive) to unveil, to put away one's shroud
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
sufūr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
sāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
masfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | safartu |
safarta |
سَفَرَ safara |
safartumā |
safarā |
safarnā |
safartum |
safarū | |||
f | safarti |
safarat |
safaratā |
safartunna |
safarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔasfiru |
tasfiru |
yasfiru |
tasfirāni |
yasfirāni |
nasfiru |
tasfirūna |
yasfirūna | |||
f | tasfirīna |
tasfiru |
tasfirāni |
tasfirna |
yasfirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔasfira |
tasfira |
yasfira |
tasfirā |
yasfirā |
nasfira |
tasfirū |
yasfirū | |||
f | tasfirī |
tasfira |
tasfirā |
tasfirna |
yasfirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔasfir |
tasfir |
yasfir |
tasfirā |
yasfirā |
nasfir |
tasfirū |
yasfirū | |||
f | tasfirī |
tasfir |
tasfirā |
tasfirna |
yasfirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | isfir |
isfirā |
isfirū |
||||||||
f | isfirī |
isfirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | سُفِرَ sufira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yusfaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yusfara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yusfar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Pronunciation 4 edit
Noun edit
سَفْر • (safr) m
- verbal noun of سَفَرَ (safara) (form I)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Terminology of the religious sphere, borrowed from Aramaic סִפְרָא (sip̱rā, “writing, book”) / ܣܷܦܪܴܐ (sep̱rā, “writing, book”); compare Biblical Hebrew סֵפֶר (sḗp̄er, “writing, book”). Ultimately from Akkadian 𒅆𒅁𒀸 (šiprum).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
سِفْر • (sifr) m (plural أَسْفَار (ʔasfār))
- written book
- Synonym: كِتَاب (kitāb)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 62:5:
- مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا
- maṯalu allaḏīna ḥummilū t-tawrāta ṯumma lam yaḥmilūhā kamaṯali l-ḥimāri yaḥmilu ʔasfāran
- The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on is like that of a donkey who carries volumes of books.
- (Christianity, Judaism) a book of the Bible
- سِفْرُ ٱلْمُلُوكِ ٱلْأَوَّلُ ― sifru l-mulūki l-ʔawwalu ― the First Book of Kings
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سِفْر sifr |
السِّفْر as-sifr |
سِفْر sifr |
Nominative | سِفْرٌ sifrun |
السِّفْرُ as-sifru |
سِفْرُ sifru |
Accusative | سِفْرًا sifran |
السِّفْرَ as-sifra |
سِفْرَ sifra |
Genitive | سِفْرٍ sifrin |
السِّفْرِ as-sifri |
سِفْرِ sifri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سِفْرَيْن sifrayn |
السِّفْرَيْن as-sifrayn |
سِفْرَيْ sifray |
Nominative | سِفْرَانِ sifrāni |
السِّفْرَانِ as-sifrāni |
سِفْرَا sifrā |
Accusative | سِفْرَيْنِ sifrayni |
السِّفْرَيْنِ as-sifrayni |
سِفْرَيْ sifray |
Genitive | سِفْرَيْنِ sifrayni |
السِّفْرَيْنِ as-sifrayni |
سِفْرَيْ sifray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَسْفَار ʔasfār |
الْأَسْفَار al-ʔasfār |
أَسْفَار ʔasfār |
Nominative | أَسْفَارٌ ʔasfārun |
الْأَسْفَارُ al-ʔasfāru |
أَسْفَارُ ʔasfāru |
Accusative | أَسْفَارًا ʔasfāran |
الْأَسْفَارَ al-ʔasfāra |
أَسْفَارَ ʔasfāra |
Genitive | أَسْفَارٍ ʔasfārin |
الْأَسْفَارِ al-ʔasfāri |
أَسْفَارِ ʔasfāri |
Related terms edit
- سَافِر (sāfir)
References edit
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “سِفْر”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 170–171
Central Kurdish edit
۰ | ۱ > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : سفر (sifr) | ||
Etymology edit
Numeral edit
سفر (sifir)
- zero; 0
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
سفر • (sefer)
Descendants edit
- Turkish: sefer
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Arabic سَفَر (safar). Cognate of English safari.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sa.ˈfaɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæ.fǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sä.fǽɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | safar |
Dari reading? | safar |
Iranian reading? | safar |
Tajik reading? | safar |
Noun edit
Dari | سفر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | сафар |
سفر • (safar)
- travel
- من سفر هوائی را دوست ندارم.
- man safar havâ'i-râ dust nadâram.
- I don't like travelling by air.
- trip
- voyage
- journey
- expedition
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sifɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sefɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sifɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sifr |
Dari reading? | sifr |
Iranian reading? | sefr |
Tajik reading? | sifr |
Noun edit
سفر • (sefr)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
De-emphaticization in urban Palestinian accents.
Numeral edit
سفر • (sifr)
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian سفر (safar), from Arabic سَفَر (safar). Cognate of English safari.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.fəɾ/
- Rhymes: -əɾ
- Hyphenation: سَ‧فَر
Noun edit
سَفَر • (safar) m (Hindi spelling सफ़र)
Declension edit
Declension of سفر | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | سفر (safar) | سفر (safar) |
oblique | سفر (safar) | سفروں (safarō̃) |
vocative | سفر (safar) | سفرو (safarō) |
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “سفر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “سفر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سفر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
Ushojo edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
سفر (safar)