sur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sur"

Asturian

Noun

sur m (plural surs)

1. south

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Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sur/, [suɐ̯ˀ]
• Rhymes: -ur

Etymology 1

Verbal noun to surre (“to whirr”).

Noun

sur n (singular definite surret, plural indefinite sur)

1. whirr (a sibilant buzz or vibration from insect wings)

Declension

Declension of sur

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sur	surret	sur	surrene
genitive	surs	surrets	surs	surrenes

Etymology 2

From Old Norse súrr (“sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.

Adjective

sur

1. sour (having an acid, sharp or tangy taste)
2. (chemistry) acidic
3. (of dairy products) spoiled
4. (of a person or communication) surly, cross, annoyed, sulky, sore
5. (of work or situation) unpleasant

Inflection

Inflection of sur
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Common singular	sur	surere	surest2
Neuter singular	surt	surere	surest2
Plural	sure	surere	surest2
Definite attributive1	sure	surere	sureste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

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Esperanto

Etymology

From French sur.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

sur

1. on, upon

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ/

• Audio (FR)

  (file)

• Homophone: sûr
• Rhymes: -yʁ

Etymology 1

From Middle French sur, from Old French sur, seur, sor, soure, souvre, sovre (“on, upon, over”), from Latin super (“over, on, above”), from *eks-uper, from *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”) (Latin ex) and *upér (“above”), from *upo. Doublet of super, a borrowing. Cognate with Old English ofer (“over, above”). More at over.

Preposition

sur

1. on, upon
2. on top of
3. from on top of
4. above
5. out of

   sept sur dix ― seven out of ten

6. in the case of
7. about, concerning

Synonyms

• (above): au-dessus de

Antonyms

• (on): sous
• (on top of): dessous
• (above): au-dessous de

Etymology 2

From Middle French sur, from Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”). More at English sour.

Adjective

sur (feminine singular sure, masculine plural surs, feminine plural sures)

1. sour

See also

• sur-

Further reading

• “sur” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Galician

Alternative forms

• S

Etymology

Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

Noun

sur m (plural sures)

1. (uncountable) south (cardinal direction)
2. (uncountable) the southern portion of a territory or region
3. (countable) a southern; a wind blowing from the south

Antonyms

• (south): norte, setentrión
• (southern portion): norte

Coordinate terms

• leste
• norte
• occidente

Derived terms

Derived terms

• América do Sur
• Cruz do Sur
• polo Sur

• surleste
• suroeste

Further reading

• “sur” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

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Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from French sur, Italian su.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsur/

Preposition

sur

1. on

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Italian

Etymology

From Latin super (“above”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsur/

Preposition

sur

1. (archaic) Alternative form of su used before words beginning with u (especially indefinite articles)

   sur un tavolo ― on a table

References

• sur in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

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Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suːr/

Etymology 1

From Arabic سُور‎ (sūr).

Noun

sur m (plural swar)

1. wall, rampart
2. bastion
3. rock

Etymology 2

Contraction of sinjur, from Sicilian signuri.

Noun

sur m (usually uncountable)

1. mister, sir

   is-Sur Buttiġieġ ― Mr Buttigieg

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Middle English

Adjective

sur

1. Alternative form of sure

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *sūr-. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

Adjective

sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surere, indefinite superlative surest, definite superlative sureste)

1. sour (e.g. the characteristic taste of a lemon)
2. In a bad temper, sulky
3. acidic

   sur nedbør ― acid rain

4. cold, unpleasant (often about weather)

   Det er surt ute.

   The weather is unpleasant outside

   Han prøver å gjøre livet surt for meg.

   He's trying to make life difficult for me.

Synonyms

• (taste): skarp, snerpende
• (bad temper): gretten, sint

Antonyms

• søt
• blid, glad

Derived terms

• surdeig

Related terms

• syrlig

References

• “sur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *sūr-. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

Adjective

sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surare, indefinite superlative surast, definite superlative suraste)

1. sour
2. acidic

   sur nedbør ― acid rain

3. bad-tempered, annoyed, in a foul mood

Derived terms

• surdeig

References

• “sur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sūraz. Cognate with Old Saxon sūr, Old High German sūr, Old Norse súrr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suːr/

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Declension of sūr — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūr	sūr	sūr
Accusative	sūrne	sūre	sūr
Genitive	sūres	sūrre	sūres
Dative	sūrum	sūrre	sūrum
Instrumental	sūre	sūrre	sūre
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūre	sūra, sūre	sūr
Accusative	sūre	sūra, sūre	sūr
Genitive	sūrra	sūrra	sūrra
Dative	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum
Instrumental	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum

Declension of sūr — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūra	sūre	sūre
Accusative	sūran	sūran	sūre
Genitive	sūran	sūran	sūran
Dative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Instrumental	sūran	sūran	sūran
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Accusative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Genitive	sūrra, sūrena	sūrra, sūrena	sūrra, sūrena
Dative	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum
Instrumental	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum

Derived terms

• sūrnes

Descendants

• Middle English: sur, sour
  • English: sour
  • Scots: sour, soor

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Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”). [1160 CE]

Adjective

sur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sure)

1. sour, biter

Descendants

• Middle French: sur, sour
  • French: sur
• Walloon: sèr (Forrières)

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Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sūraz, whence also Old Saxon sūr Old English sūr, Old Norse súrr.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Descendants

• Middle High German: sūr
  • Central Franconian: suur, souer
  • German: sauer
  • Luxembourgish: sauer
  • Vilamovian: zaojwer
  • Yiddish: זויער‎ (zoyer)

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Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Declension of sūr (strong)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūr	sūr	sūrt
accusative	sūran	sūra	sūrt
dative	sūrum, -om	sūrri, -re	sūru, -o
genitive	sūrs	sūrrar	sūrs
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūrir, -e(r)	sūrar	sūr
accusative	sūra	sūrar	sūr
dative	sūrum, -om	sūrum, -om	sūrum, -om
genitive	sūrra	sūrra	sūrra

Declension of sūr (weak)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūri, -e	sūra	sūra
accusative	sūra	sūru, -o	sūra
dative	sūra	sūru, -o	sūra
genitive	sūra	sūru, -o	sūra
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūru, -o	sūru, -o	sūru, -o
accusative	sūru, -o	sūru, -o	sūru, -o
dative	sūru, -o	sūru, -o	sūru, -o
genitive	sūru, -o	sūru, -o	sūru, -o

Descendants

• Swedish: sur

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Rohingya

Etymology

From Sanskrit चोर (cora).

Noun

sur

1. thief

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Romanian

Etymology

Most likely from a Slavic language. Compare Bulgarian сур (sur), Serbo-Croatian sur. A less likely etymology connects it to Latin syrus, or links it with Italian soro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sur/

Adjective

sur m or n (feminine singular sură, masculine plural suri, feminine and neuter plural sure)

1. grey

Inflection

Declension of sur

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	sur		sură	suri	sure
	definite	surul		sura	surii	surele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	sur		sure	suri	sure
	definite	surului		surei	surilor	surelor

Synonyms

• gri
• brumăriu

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Compare surov.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sûːr/

Adjective

sȗr (definite sȗrī, Cyrillic spelling су̑р)

1. (expressive, literary) ash-gray
2. (expressive, literary, figurative) gray, gloomy (of weather)
3. (expressive, literary, figurative) glum, stern, scowling, sullen (of person's face or mood)

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		sur	sura	suro
genitive		sura	sure	sura
dative		suru	suroj	suru
accusative	inanimate animate	sur sura	suru	suro
vocative		sur	sura	suro
locative		suru	suroj	suru
instrumental		surim	surom	surim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		suri	sure	sura
genitive		surih	surih	surih
dative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
accusative		sure	sure	sura
vocative		suri	sure	sura
locative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
instrumental		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		suri	sura	suro
genitive		surog(a)	sure	surog(a)
dative		surom(u/e)	suroj	surom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	suri surog(a)	suru	suro
vocative		suri	sura	suro
locative		surom(e/u)	suroj	surom(e/u)
instrumental		surim	surom	surim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		suri	sure	sura
genitive		surih	surih	surih
dative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
accusative		sure	sure	sura
vocative		suri	sure	sura
locative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
instrumental		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)

References

• “sur” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuɾ/

Noun

sur m (plural sures)

1. south

   Antonym: norte

Derived terms

• sureño

Related terms

• sud
• Sudamérica

See also

• austral
• meridional

Further reading

• “sur” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish sūr, from Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *sūr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sʉːr/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Adjective

sur

1. sour; the characteristic taste of a lemon
2. acetous; having a sour taste
3. acidic
4. in a bad temper; look sour
5. wet; damp

Declension

Inflection of sur
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	sur	surare	surast
Neuter singular	surt	surare	surast
Plural	sura	surare	surast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	sure	surare	suraste
All	sura	surare	suraste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.

Derived terms

• det kommer surt efter
• sura
• surkart
• sur som ättika
• surströmming
• surt sa räven

 

Anagrams

• urs

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Turkish

Noun

sur (definite accusative {{{1}}}, plural {{{2}}})

1. city wall