Wiktionary

عبد

See also: ع ب د

Arabic edit

Root
ع ب د (ʕ-b-d)
 
عَبْدٌ مَسِيحِيٌّ

Etymology edit

A Central Semitic innovation, cognate with Hebrew עֶבֶד (ʿéḇeḏ), Phoenician 𐤏𐤁𐤃 (ʿbd), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎁𐎄 (ʿbd), Classical Syriac ܥܒܕܐ (ʿaḇdā), Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩨𐩵 (ʿbd).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Noun edit

عَبْد • (ʕabd) m (plural عَبِيد (ʕabīd) or عِبَاد (ʕibād) or عُبْدَان (ʕubdān) or أَعْبُد (ʔaʕbud), feminine أَمَة (ʔama))

  1. a person who is under the ownership of another, a slave, a bondservant
    Synonyms: (dated) مَوْلَى (mawlā, “servant”), رَقِيق (raqīq, “slave”)
    Coordinate terms: (dated) مَوْلَى (mawlā, “overlord”), رَبّ (rabb, “lord”), سَيِّد (sayyid, “master”)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:32:
      وَأَنْكِحُوا ٱلْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَٱلصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَٱللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
      waʔankiḥū l-ʔayāmā minkum waṣ-ṣāliḥīna min ʕibādikum waʔimāʔikum ʔin yakūnū fuqarāʔa yuḡnihimu l-lahu min faḍlihi wal-lahu wāsiʕun ʕalīmun
      And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing
    • (Can we date this quote?), عَميرة بن جُعَل التَّغْلِبيّ, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      جَمَعْتُ رُدَيْنِيًّا كَأَنَّ سِنَانَهُ / سَنَا لَهَبٍ لَمْ يَسْتَعِنْ بِدُخَانِ
      لَيَالِيَ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ لِرَهْطِيَ أَعْبُدٌ / بِرَمَّانَ لَمَّا أَجْدَبَ ٱلحَرَمَانِ
      jamaʕtu rudayniyyan kaʔanna sinānahu / sanā lahabin lam yastaʕin biduḵāni
      layāliya ʔiḏ ʔantum lirahṭiya ʔaʕbudun / birammāna lammā ʔajdaba l-ḥaramāni
      I held up my Rudayni spear, its teeth like splendid, smokeless flames
      For nights, you were bondsmen for my troop, in Ramān, when the Sanctuaries dried.
    1. someone resembling, likened to, or related to a slave (as in status, worth, condition, and so on)
      • (Can we date this quote?), اَلْمُتَنَبِّيّ, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
        أَكُلَّمَا ٱغْتَالَ عَبْدُ السَّوْءِ سَيِّدَهُ / أَوْ خَانَهُ فَلَهُ فِي مِصْرَ تَمْهِيدُ
        صَارَ الْخَصِيُّ إِمَامَ الْآبِقِينَ بِهَا / فَٱلْحُرُّ مُسْتَعْبَدٌ وَٱلْعَبْدُ مَعْبُودُ
        نَامَتْ نَوَاطِيرُ مِصْرٍ عَنْ ثَعَالِبِهَا / فَقَدْ بَشِمْنَ وَمَا تَفْنَى العَنَاقِيدُ
        الْعَبْدُ لَيْسَ لِحُرٍّ صَالِحٍ بِأَخٍ / لَوْ أَنَّهُ فِي ثِيَابِ الْحُرِّ مَوْلُودُ
        لَا تَشْتَرِ الْعَبْدَ إِلَّا وَٱلْعَصَا مَعَهُ / إِنَّ الْعَبِيدَ لَأَنْجَاسٌ مَنَاكِيدُ
        مَا كُنْتُ أَحْسَبُنِي أَحْيَا إِلَى زَمَنٍ / يُسِيءُ بِي فِيهِ كَلْبٌ وَهْوَ مَحْمُودُ
        ʔakullamā ḡtāla ʕabdu s-sawʔi sayyidahu / ʔaw ḵānahu falahu fī miṣra tamhīdu
        ṣāra l-ḵaṣiyyu ʔimāma l-ʔābiqīna bihā / fal-ḥurru mustaʕbadun wal-ʕabdu maʕbūdu
        nāmat nawāṭīru miṣrin ʕan ṯaʕālibihā / faqad bašimna wamā tafnā l-ʕanāqīdu
        al-ʕabdu laysa liḥurrin ṣāliḥin biʔaḵin / law ʔannahu fī ṯiyābi l-ḥurri mawlūdu
        lā taštari l-ʕabda ʔillā wal-ʕaṣā maʕahu / ʔinna l-ʕabīda laʔanjāsun manākīdu
        mā kuntu ʔaḥsabunī ʔaḥyā ʔilā zamanin / yusīʔu bī fīhi kalbun wahwa maḥmūdu
        Can any fiendish slave who slew or stabbed his master find in Egypt refuge, there to be advanced?
        The Castrate King became the Chief of Runaways! The servants are revered; the freeman is disgraced!
        The Egyptian shepherds, they all are now asleep, and foxes roam, and all were drowsed with endless grapes!
        A freeman and a slave are neither peers nor brothers, though the slave may be in freemen's clothing raised.
        Never pay for any slave without the stick too: a slave, to noble men, is foul, and vile, and damned!
        I never thought that I would live and see a dog degrading me while he himself is hailed and praised!
  2. (vulgar, ethnic slur, offensive, colloquial) nigger, term of abuse for a black person
Declension edit
Declension of noun عَبْد (ʕabd)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَبْد
ʕabd 		الْعَبْد
al-ʕabd 		عَبْد
ʕabd
Nominative عَبْدٌ
ʕabdun 		الْعَبْدُ
al-ʕabdu 		عَبْدُ
ʕabdu
Accusative عَبْدًا
ʕabdan 		الْعَبْدَ
al-ʕabda 		عَبْدَ
ʕabda
Genitive عَبْدٍ
ʕabdin 		الْعَبْدِ
al-ʕabdi 		عَبْدِ
ʕabdi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَبْدَيْن
ʕabdayn 		الْعَبْدَيْن
al-ʕabdayn 		عَبْدَيْ
ʕabday
Nominative عَبْدَانِ
ʕabdāni 		الْعَبْدَانِ
al-ʕabdāni 		عَبْدَا
ʕabdā
Accusative عَبْدَيْنِ
ʕabdayni 		الْعَبْدَيْنِ
al-ʕabdayni 		عَبْدَيْ
ʕabday
Genitive عَبْدَيْنِ
ʕabdayni 		الْعَبْدَيْنِ
al-ʕabdayni 		عَبْدَيْ
ʕabday
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَبِيد‎; عُبْدَان‎; عِبَاد
ʕabīd‎; ʕubdān‎; ʕibād 		الْعَبِيد‎; الْعُبْدَان‎; الْعِبَاد
al-ʕabīd‎; al-ʕubdān‎; al-ʕibād 		عَبِيد‎; عُبْدَان‎; عِبَاد
ʕabīd‎; ʕubdān‎; ʕibād
Nominative عَبِيدٌ‎; عُبْدَانٌ‎; عِبَادٌ
ʕabīdun‎; ʕubdānun‎; ʕibādun 		الْعَبِيدُ‎; الْعُبْدَانُ‎; الْعِبَادُ
al-ʕabīdu‎; al-ʕubdānu‎; al-ʕibādu 		عَبِيدُ‎; عُبْدَانُ‎; عِبَادُ
ʕabīdu‎; ʕubdānu‎; ʕibādu
Accusative عَبِيدًا‎; عُبْدَانًا‎; عِبَادًا
ʕabīdan‎; ʕubdānan‎; ʕibādan 		الْعَبِيدَ‎; الْعُبْدَانَ‎; الْعِبَادَ
al-ʕabīda‎; al-ʕubdāna‎; al-ʕibāda 		عَبِيدَ‎; عُبْدَانَ‎; عِبَادَ
ʕabīda‎; ʕubdāna‎; ʕibāda
Genitive عَبِيدٍ‎; عُبْدَانٍ‎; عِبَادٍ
ʕabīdin‎; ʕubdānin‎; ʕibādin 		الْعَبِيدِ‎; الْعُبْدَانِ‎; الْعِبَادِ
al-ʕabīdi‎; al-ʕubdāni‎; al-ʕibādi 		عَبِيدِ‎; عُبْدَانِ‎; عِبَادِ
ʕabīdi‎; ʕubdāni‎; ʕibādi
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Libyan Arabic: عبد (ʕabəd)
  • Maltese: għabid (obsolete, from the plural عَبِيد (ʕabīd))
  • South Levantine Arabic: عبد (ʕabad)
  • → English: abid
  • → Maranao: abdo
  • → Ottoman Turkish: عبد (abd)
  • → Persian: عبد ('abd)
  • → Sundanese: abdi
  • → Tajik: абд (abd)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Verb edit

عَبَدَ • (ʕabada) I, non-past يَعْبُدُ‎ (yaʕbudu)

  1. to worship, to serve, to be devoted to; to venerate or adore in a subservient manner
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
عَبَدَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns عِبَادَة or عُبُودَة or عُبُودِيَّة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
ʕibāda or ʕubūda or ʕubūdiyya
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ʕābid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maʕbūd
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕabadtu
ʕabadta
عَبَدَ

ʕabada
ʕabadtumā
ʕabadā
ʕabadnā
ʕabadtum
ʕabadū
f
ʕabadti
ʕabadat
ʕabadatā
ʕabadtunna
ʕabadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaʕbudu
taʕbudu
yaʕbudu
taʕbudāni
yaʕbudāni
naʕbudu
taʕbudūna
yaʕbudūna
f
taʕbudīna
taʕbudu
taʕbudāni
taʕbudna
yaʕbudna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaʕbuda
taʕbuda
yaʕbuda
taʕbudā
yaʕbudā
naʕbuda
taʕbudū
yaʕbudū
f
taʕbudī
taʕbuda
taʕbudā
taʕbudna
yaʕbudna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaʕbud
taʕbud
yaʕbud
taʕbudā
yaʕbudā
naʕbud
taʕbudū
yaʕbudū
f
taʕbudī
taʕbud
taʕbudā
taʕbudna
yaʕbudna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
uʕbud
uʕbudā
uʕbudū
f
uʕbudī
uʕbudna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕubidtu
ʕubidta
عُبِدَ

ʕubida
ʕubidtumā
ʕubidā
ʕubidnā
ʕubidtum
ʕubidū
f
ʕubidti
ʕubidat
ʕubidatā
ʕubidtunna
ʕubidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕbadu
tuʕbadu
yuʕbadu
tuʕbadāni
yuʕbadāni
nuʕbadu
tuʕbadūna
yuʕbadūna
f
tuʕbadīna
tuʕbadu
tuʕbadāni
tuʕbadna
yuʕbadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕbada
tuʕbada
yuʕbada
tuʕbadā
yuʕbadā
nuʕbada
tuʕbadū
yuʕbadū
f
tuʕbadī
tuʕbada
tuʕbadā
tuʕbadna
yuʕbadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕbad
tuʕbad
yuʕbad
tuʕbadā
yuʕbadā
nuʕbad
tuʕbadū
yuʕbadū
f
tuʕbadī
tuʕbad
tuʕbadā
tuʕbadna
yuʕbadna

Pronunciation 3 edit

Verb edit

عَبَّدَ • (ʕabbada) II, non-past يُعَبِّدُ‎ (yuʕabbidu)

  1. to enslave, to subjugate, to subject
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:22:
      وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ
      watilka niʕmatun tamunnuhā ʕalayya ʔan ʕabbadta banī ʔisrāʔīla
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
عَبَّدَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taʕbīd
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muʕabbid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muʕabbad
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕabbadtu
ʕabbadta
عَبَّدَ

ʕabbada
ʕabbadtumā
ʕabbadā
ʕabbadnā
ʕabbadtum
ʕabbadū
f
ʕabbadti
ʕabbadat
ʕabbadatā
ʕabbadtunna
ʕabbadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕabbidu
tuʕabbidu
yuʕabbidu
tuʕabbidāni
yuʕabbidāni
nuʕabbidu
tuʕabbidūna
yuʕabbidūna
f
tuʕabbidīna
tuʕabbidu
tuʕabbidāni
tuʕabbidna
yuʕabbidna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕabbida
tuʕabbida
yuʕabbida
tuʕabbidā
yuʕabbidā
nuʕabbida
tuʕabbidū
yuʕabbidū
f
tuʕabbidī
tuʕabbida
tuʕabbidā
tuʕabbidna
yuʕabbidna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕabbid
tuʕabbid
yuʕabbid
tuʕabbidā
yuʕabbidā
nuʕabbid
tuʕabbidū
yuʕabbidū
f
tuʕabbidī
tuʕabbid
tuʕabbidā
tuʕabbidna
yuʕabbidna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
عَبِّدْ

ʕabbid
ʕabbidā
ʕabbidū
f
ʕabbidī
ʕabbidna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕubbidtu
ʕubbidta
عُبِّدَ

ʕubbida
ʕubbidtumā
ʕubbidā
ʕubbidnā
ʕubbidtum
ʕubbidū
f
ʕubbidti
ʕubbidat
ʕubbidatā
ʕubbidtunna
ʕubbidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕabbadu
tuʕabbadu
yuʕabbadu
tuʕabbadāni
yuʕabbadāni
nuʕabbadu
tuʕabbadūna
yuʕabbadūna
f
tuʕabbadīna
tuʕabbadu
tuʕabbadāni
tuʕabbadna
yuʕabbadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕabbada
tuʕabbada
yuʕabbada
tuʕabbadā
yuʕabbadā
nuʕabbada
tuʕabbadū
yuʕabbadū
f
tuʕabbadī
tuʕabbada
tuʕabbadā
tuʕabbadna
yuʕabbadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕabbad
tuʕabbad
yuʕabbad
tuʕabbadā
yuʕabbadā
nuʕabbad
tuʕabbadū
yuʕabbadū
f
tuʕabbadī
tuʕabbad
tuʕabbadā
tuʕabbadna
yuʕabbadna
Descendants edit

References edit

  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “عبد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Libyan Arabic edit

Noun edit

عبد (ʿabəd) m (عبيد (ʕbīd) and عبدّة (ʕbədda) pl [only for sense 1])

  1. slave
  2. (derogatory, ethnic slur) black man

Verb edit

عبد (ʿbad)

  1. to worship

Persian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd).

Pronunciation edit

 

Readings
Classical reading? aḇd
Dari reading? abd
Iranian reading? abd
Tajik reading? abd

Noun edit

Dari عبد
Iranian Persian
Tajik абд

عَبْد • ('abd) (plural عباد)

  1. slave
  2. servant

Synonyms edit

South Levantine Arabic edit

Root
ع ب د
1 term

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic عَبَدَ (ʕabada).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.bad/, [ˈʕa.bad]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb edit

عبد • (ʕabad) I (present بعبد (boʕbod))

  1. to worship
Conjugation edit
    Conjugation of عبد (ʕabad)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عبدت (ʕabadt) عبدت (ʕabadt) عبد (ʕabad) عبدنا (ʕabadna) عبدتو (ʕabadtu) عبدو (ʕabadu)
f عبدتي (ʕabadti) عبدت (ʕabdat)
present m بعبد (baʕbod) بتعبد (btoʕbod) بعبد (boʕbod) منعبد (mnoʕbod) بتعبدو (btoʕbodu) بعبدو (boʕbodu)
f بتعبدي (btoʕbodi) بتعبد (btoʕbod)
subjunctive m أعبد (ʔaʕbod) تعبد (toʕbod) يعبد (yoʕbod) نعبد (noʕbod) تعبدو (toʕbodu) يعبدو (yoʕbodu)
f تعبدي (toʕbodi) تعبد (toʕbod)
imperative m اعبد (oʕbod) اعبدو (oʕbodu)
f اعبدي (oʕbodi)

Etymology 2 edit

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَبَّدَ (ʕabbada).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ʕab.bad/, [ˈʕab.bad]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb edit

عبّد • (ʕabbad) II (present بعبّد (biʕabbed))

  1. to pave
    Synonym: زفّت (zaffat)
Conjugation edit
    Conjugation of عبّد (ʕabbad)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عبّدت (ʕabbadt) عبّدت (ʕabbadt) عبّد (ʕabbad) عبّدنا (ʕabbadna) عبّدتو (ʕabbadtu) عبّدو (ʕabbadu)
f عبّدتي (ʕabbadti) عبّدت (ʕabbadat)
present m بعبّد (baʕabbed) بتعبّد (bitʕabbed) بعبّد (biʕabbed) منعبّد (minʕabbed) بتعبّدو (bitʕabbdu) بعبّدو (biʕabbdu)
f بتعبّدي (bitʕabbdi) بتعبّد (bitʕabbed)
subjunctive m اعبّد (aʕabbed) تعبّد (tʕabbed) يعبّد (yʕabbed) نعبّد (nʕabbed) تعبّدو (tʕabbdu) يعبّدو (yʕabbdu)
f تعبّدي (tʕabbdi) تعبّد (tʕabbed)
imperative m عبّد (ʕabbed) عبّدو (ʕabbdu)
f عبّدي (ʕabbdi)
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