عروبة

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع ر ب (ʕ-r-b)

Derived from عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy).

Noun

عُرُوبَة • (ʕurūba) f

1. Arabness; Arabicness
2. Arab nationalism; Arabism; pan-Arabism

Declension

Declension of noun عُرُوبَة (ʕurūba)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُرُوبَة ʕurūba	الْعُرُوبَة al-ʕurūba	عُرُوبَة ʕurūbat
Nominative	عُرُوبَةٌ ʕurūbatun	الْعُرُوبَةُ al-ʕurūbatu	عُرُوبَةُ ʕurūbatu
Accusative	عُرُوبَةً ʕurūbatan	الْعُرُوبَةَ al-ʕurūbata	عُرُوبَةَ ʕurūbata
Genitive	عُرُوبَةٍ ʕurūbatin	الْعُرُوبَةِ al-ʕurūbati	عُرُوبَةِ ʕurūbati

Etymology 2

Adjective

عَرُوبَة • (ʕarūba) (feminine plural عُرُب (ʕurub))

1. Alternative form of عَرُوب (ʕarūb, “concupiscent, lustful, bold in love, lascivious”)

Declension

Declension of adjective عَرُوبَة (ʕarūba)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	—		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	عَرُوبَة ʕarūba	الْعَرُوبَة al-ʕarūba
Nominative	—	—	عَرُوبَةٌ ʕarūbatun	الْعَرُوبَةُ al-ʕarūbatu
Accusative	—	—	عَرُوبَةً ʕarūbatan	الْعَرُوبَةَ al-ʕarūbata
Genitive	—	—	عَرُوبَةٍ ʕarūbatin	الْعَرُوبَةِ al-ʕarūbati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	عَرُوبَتَيْن ʕarūbatayn	الْعَرُوبَتَيْن al-ʕarūbatayn
Nominative	—	—	عَرُوبَتَانِ ʕarūbatāni	الْعَرُوبَتَانِ al-ʕarūbatāni
Accusative	—	—	عَرُوبَتَيْنِ ʕarūbatayni	الْعَرُوبَتَيْنِ al-ʕarūbatayni
Genitive	—	—	عَرُوبَتَيْنِ ʕarūbatayni	الْعَرُوبَتَيْنِ al-ʕarūbatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	—		basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	عُرُب ʕurub	الْعُرُب al-ʕurub
Nominative	—	—	عُرُبٌ ʕurubun	الْعُرُبُ al-ʕurubu
Accusative	—	—	عُرُبًا ʕuruban	الْعُرُبَ al-ʕuruba
Genitive	—	—	عُرُبٍ ʕurubin	الْعُرُبِ al-ʕurubi

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Aramaic עֲרוּבְתָּא (ʿărūḇtā, “eve; Friday”), referring originally to the eve of Sabbath, cognate with native Arabic غُرُوب (ḡurūb, “sundown”), and further Al-Jawālīqīy, in his book about Arabicized terminology, notes it to be in Nabataean the name of Athena, seemingly confusing with Aphrodite, so as with every Old Arabic weekday the name is conceived a god and planet, here Venus, harmonizing with Latin diēs Veneris. This is further confirmed by Ubayy ibn Kaʕb’s Qurʔān recension having يَوْمِ العَرُوبَةِ الْكُبْرَى (yawmi l-ʕarūbati l-kubrā) in 62:9, where الْكُبْرَى (al-kubrā) reflects Cypris, Cypria. The name of the seventh heaven عَرُوبَاء (ʕarūbāʔ) ~ عِرْبِيَاء (ʕirbiyāʔ) ~ عَرِيبَاء (ʕarībāʔ) thus must be interpreted as representing utmost love or climax, etymologically corresponding to this religious heyday of the week.

Proper noun

عَرُوبَة or اَلْعَرُوبَة • (ʕarūba or al-ʕarūba) f

1. (obsolete) Friday

Declension

Declension of noun عَرُوبَة (ʕarūba)

Singular	singular diptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	عَرُوبَة ʕarūba	—
Nominative	—	عَرُوبَةُ ʕarūbatu	—
Accusative	—	عَرُوبَةَ ʕarūbata	—
Genitive	—	عَرُوبَةَ ʕarūbata	—

See also

• (Pre-Islamic days of the week) أَيَّامُ الْأُسْبُوع السَّابِقَة لِلْإِسْلَام (ʔayyāmu al-ʔusbūʕ as-sābiqa lilʔislām); أَوْل (ʔawl) ~ أَوَّل (ʔawwal), أَهْوَن (ʔahwan) ~ أَوْهَد (ʔawhad) ~ أَهْوَد (ʔahwad), جُبَار (jubār), دُبَار (dubār), مُؤْنِس (muʔnis), عَرُوبَة (ʕarūba), شِيَار (šiyār) ^{(Category: ar:Days of the week)}

References

• Fischer, August (1896) “Die altarabischen Namen der sieben Wochentage”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 50, page 224
• Hommel, Fritz (1893) Süd-Arabische Chrestomathie. Minäo-sabäische Grammatik. – Bibliographie. – Minäische Inschriften nebst Glossar‎^[2] (in German), München: G. Franz’sche Hofbuchhandlung, page 57
• Rotter, Gernot (1993) “Der dies veneris im vorislamischen Mekka, eine neue Deutung des Namens „Europa“ und eine Erklärung für kobar = Venus”, in Der Islam‎^[3] (in German), volume 70, number 1, →DOI, pages 112–132