معروف

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ع ر ف (ʕ r f)
16 terms

Derived from the passive participle of عَرَفَ (ʕarafa, “know”), verb form I.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʕ.ruːf/
• Rhymes: -uːf

Adjective

مَعْرُوف • (maʕrūf) (feminine مَعْرُوفَة (maʕrūfa), masculine plural مَعْرُوفُونَ (maʕrūfūna))

1. known

   مساعدة الجيران في الأوقات الصعبة هي قيمة معروفة.

   Muṣāʿadat al-ǧīrān fī al-ʾawqāt aṣ-ṣuʿbah hī qīmah maʿrūfah.

   Helping neighbors in difficult times is a well-known value.

2. recognized
3. conventional
4. decent
5. fair
6. adequate
7. good

   التساهل والاحترام المتبادل هما علامتان للسلوك المعروف.

   At-tasāhul wal-iḥtirām al-mutabādil humā ʿalāmatān li-s-sulūk al-maʿrūf.

   Tolerance and mutual respect are two signs of good behavior.

8. pleasant

Declension

Declension of adjective مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مَعْرُوف maʕrūf	الْمَعْرُوف al-maʕrūf	مَعْرُوفَة maʕrūfa	الْمَعْرُوفَة al-maʕrūfa
Nominative	مَعْرُوفٌ maʕrūfun	الْمَعْرُوفُ al-maʕrūfu	مَعْرُوفَةٌ maʕrūfatun	الْمَعْرُوفَةُ al-maʕrūfatu
Accusative	مَعْرُوفًا maʕrūfan	الْمَعْرُوفَ al-maʕrūfa	مَعْرُوفَةً maʕrūfatan	الْمَعْرُوفَةَ al-maʕrūfata
Genitive	مَعْرُوفٍ maʕrūfin	الْمَعْرُوفِ al-maʕrūfi	مَعْرُوفَةٍ maʕrūfatin	الْمَعْرُوفَةِ al-maʕrūfati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مَعْرُوفَيْن maʕrūfayn	الْمَعْرُوفَيْن al-maʕrūfayn	مَعْرُوفَتَيْن maʕrūfatayn	الْمَعْرُوفَتَيْن al-maʕrūfatayn
Nominative	مَعْرُوفَانِ maʕrūfāni	الْمَعْرُوفَانِ al-maʕrūfāni	مَعْرُوفَتَانِ maʕrūfatāni	الْمَعْرُوفَتَانِ al-maʕrūfatāni
Accusative	مَعْرُوفَيْنِ maʕrūfayni	الْمَعْرُوفَيْنِ al-maʕrūfayni	مَعْرُوفَتَيْنِ maʕrūfatayni	الْمَعْرُوفَتَيْنِ al-maʕrūfatayni
Genitive	مَعْرُوفَيْنِ maʕrūfayni	الْمَعْرُوفَيْنِ al-maʕrūfayni	مَعْرُوفَتَيْنِ maʕrūfatayni	الْمَعْرُوفَتَيْنِ al-maʕrūfatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مَعْرُوفِين maʕrūfīn	الْمَعْرُوفِين al-maʕrūfīn	مَعْرُوفَات maʕrūfāt	الْمَعْرُوفَات al-maʕrūfāt
Nominative	مَعْرُوفُونَ maʕrūfūna	الْمَعْرُوفُونَ al-maʕrūfūna	مَعْرُوفَاتٌ maʕrūfātun	الْمَعْرُوفَاتُ al-maʕrūfātu
Accusative	مَعْرُوفِينَ maʕrūfīna	الْمَعْرُوفِينَ al-maʕrūfīna	مَعْرُوفَاتٍ maʕrūfātin	الْمَعْرُوفَاتِ al-maʕrūfāti
Genitive	مَعْرُوفِينَ maʕrūfīna	الْمَعْرُوفِينَ al-maʕrūfīna	مَعْرُوفَاتٍ maʕrūfātin	الْمَعْرُوفَاتِ al-maʕrūfāti

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: məruf
• → Ottoman Turkish: معروف (maruf)
  • Turkish: maruf
• → Persian: معروف (ma'ruf)
  • → Urdu: مَعرُوف (ma'rūf)
• → Swahili: maarufu
• → Urdu: مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf)
• → Uzbek: maʼruf

Noun

مَعْرُوف • (maʕrūf) m

1. beneficence
2. benefice
3. decency
4. favor

Declension

Declension of noun مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَعْرُوف maʕrūf	الْمَعْرُوف al-maʕrūf	مَعْرُوف maʕrūf
Nominative	مَعْرُوفٌ maʕrūfun	الْمَعْرُوفُ al-maʕrūfu	مَعْرُوفُ maʕrūfu
Accusative	مَعْرُوفًا maʕrūfan	الْمَعْرُوفَ al-maʕrūfa	مَعْرُوفَ maʕrūfa
Genitive	مَعْرُوفٍ maʕrūfin	الْمَعْرُوفِ al-maʕrūfi	مَعْرُوفِ maʕrūfi

Synonyms

• جَمِيل (jamīl)

Antonyms

• مُنْكَر (munkar)

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic ع ر ف (ʕ r f)

Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa)

Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf)bor.

Persian معروف

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [maʔ.ˈɾuːf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʔ.ɾúːf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʔ.ɾúːf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mɑː.ɾúːf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mɔː.ɾúf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæʔ.ɹúːf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʔ.ɾúf]

Readings
Classical reading?	ma'rūf
Dari reading?	ma'rūf
Iranian reading?	ma'ruf
Tajik reading?	maʾruf

Adjective

Dari	معروف
Iranian Persian
Tajik	маъруф

معروف • (ma'ruf) (comparative معروف‌تَر (ma'ruf-tar), superlative معروف‌تَرین (ma'ruf-tarin))

1. famous, renowned

   Synonym: مشهور (mašhur)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2829:

     هر هنر که استا بدان معروف شد / جان شاگردان بدان موصوف شد

     har honar ke ostâ bedân ma'ruf šod, jân-e šâgerdân bedân mowsuf šod

     For whatever science the master is renowned, the souls of his pupils become endued with the same.

2. (Classical Persian, Dari) ma'ruf (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).

   Antonym: مجهول (majhul)

Noun

معروف • (ma'ruf)

1. (Classical Persian, Dari) ma'ruf (vowel); see مَعْرُوف و مَجْهُول (ma'rūf u majhūl).

   Antonym: مجهول (majhul)

Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of معروف (ma'ruf)

Basic forms of معروف (ma'ruf) bare معروف (ma'ruf) ezâfe معروف (ma'ruf-e) marked indefinite or relative definite معروفی (ma'ruf-i)     Predicative forms of معروف (ma'ruf) singular plural 1st person (“I am, we are”) معروفم (ma'rufam) معروفیم (ma'rufim) 2nd person (“you are”) معروفی (ma'rufi) معروفید (ma'rufid) معروفین △ (ma'rufin) 3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”) معروف است (ma'ruf ast) معروفه △ (ma'rufe) معروفند (ma'rufand) معروفن △ (ma'rufan) △ Colloquial.

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ر ف
6 terms

Etymology

From Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʕ.ruːf/, [maʕˈruːf]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Adjective

معروف • (maʕrūf) (feminine معروفة (maʕrūfe), common plural معروفين (maʕrūfīn))

1. known, well-known, familiar

See also

• معلوم (maʕlūm, “known, obvious”)

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic ع ر ف (ʕ r f)

Arabic عَرَفَ (ʕarafa)

Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf)bor.

Classical Persian مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf)bor.

Urdu مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَعْرُوف (ma'rūf), borrowed from Arabic مَعْرُوف (maʕrūf), from عَرَفَ (ʕarafa), from ع ر ف (ʕ r f).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /məʕ.ɾuːf/, [mɑː.ɾuːf]
• Rhymes: -uːf
• Hyphenation: مَعْ‧رُوف

Adjective

مَعْرُوف • (ma'rūf) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मारूफ़)

1. famous, renowned

   Synonyms: نامِی (nāmī), پْرَکھْیات (prakhyāt), وِکھْیات (vikhyāt), مَشْہُور (maśhūr), مَقْبُول (maqbūl)

2. evident; known

   Synonym: مَعْلُوم (ma'lūm)

3. (grammar) active voice
4. (phonology) a stretched vowel; an epithet for the و (vao) and ی (ye) letters

   Antonym: مَجْہُول (majhūl)

5. (formal) correct; lawful

   Antonym: مُنْکَر (munkar)

Antonyms

• مَجْہُول (majhūl)

Further reading

• “معروف”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “معروف”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “معروف”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]