Wiktionary

ܚܪܒܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic edit

Root
ܚ ܪ ܒ (ḥ r b)
3 terms

Etymology 1 edit

From Aramaic חַרְבׇּא (ḥarbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “javelin; spearhead”), Hebrew חֶרֶב (khérev, “sword; war; ploughshare”) and Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum, “specialized plow used to physically break apart solid soil, opposed to other weaker types used to merely draw furrows to drop seeds in”).

Pronunciation edit

  • (standard) IPA(key): [xɪr.bɑː]

Adjective edit

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (feminine ܚܪܸܒܬܵܐ (ḥribtā), plural ܚܸܪܒܹܐ (ḥirbē))

  1. desolate, deserted, barren
    • Matthew 23:38:
      ܗܵܐ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܫܒܝܼܩܵܐ ܒܲܝܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ.
      hā pyāšā ìlēh šbīqā baytāwḵōn ḥirbā illāwḵōn.
      Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
  2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
  3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
  4. rotten

Etymology 2 edit

Probably Borrowed from Northern Kurdish xirab.

Pronunciation 1 edit

  • (standard) IPA(key): [xɪr.bɑː]

Adjective edit

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (invariable)

  1. bad
    Antonyms: ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ṭāḇā), ܨܦܵܝܝܼ (ṣpāyī)
    Coordinate terms: (comparitive) ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ (yatīr ḥirbā, “worse”), (superlative) ܣܸܪܝܵܐ (siryā, “worst”)
    ܟܠ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܕܥܵܒ݂ܕܝܼ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ.
    kul mindī dˁāḇdī yan rābā ḥirbā ìlēh yan rābā ṭāḇā ìlēh.
    Everything they do is either very bad or very good.

Pronunciation 2 edit

  • (standard) IPA(key): [xar.bɑː]

Noun edit

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē))

  1. javelin, spearhead
  2. ploughshare
  3. spearpoint, gunpoint
    ܡܵܢܝܼ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܒ݂ܝܼܩܘܼܟ݂ ܠܚܲܪܒܵܐ؟ ― Who is holding you at gunpoint?
  4. defeat, loss
Inflection edit
Inflection of ܚܲܪܒܵܐ (ḥarbā)
number isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f
singular absolute – 1st person ܚܲܪܒܝܼ
(ḥarbī) 		ܚܲܪܒܲܢ
(ḥarban)
construct ܚܲܪܒ
(ḥarb) 		2nd person ܚܲܪܒܘܼܟ݂
(ḥarbūḵ) 		ܚܲܪܒܵܟ݂ܝ
(ḥarbāḵ) 		ܚܲܪܒܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(ḥarbāwḵōn)
emphatic ܚܲܪܒܵܐ
(ḥarbā) 		3rd person ܚܲܪܒܹܗ
(ḥarbēh) 		ܚܲܪܒܵܗ̇
(ḥarbāh) 		ܚܲܪܒܗܘܿܢ
(ḥarbhōn)
plural absolute – 1st person ܚܲܪ̈ܒܝܼ
(ḥarbī) 		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܢ
(ḥarban)
construct ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܝ
(ḥarbay) 		2nd person ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܟ݂
(ḥarbūḵ) 		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܵܟ݂ܝ
(ḥarbāḵ) 		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(ḥarbāwḵōn)
emphatic ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ
(ḥarbē) 		3rd person ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܗܝ
(ḥarbūh) 		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܿܗ̇
(ḥarbōh) 		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܗܘܿܢ
(ḥarbhōn)

Proper noun edit

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m

  1. (astronomy) name of a comet

Classical Syriac edit

Etymology edit

From the root ܚ-ܪ-ܒ (ḥ-r-b) related to ruining, from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈħar.bɑ]
  • (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈxar.bɑ]
  • (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈħɑr.bo]

Adjective edit

The template Template:syc-adj does not use the parameter(s): 
ftr=ḥarbəṯā
pltr=ḥarbē
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܪܒܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܪܒܬܐ)

  1. desolate, deserted, barren
    • Peshitta, Matthew 23:38:
      ܗܐ ܡܫܬܒܩ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܝܬܟܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ.
      hā meštəḇeq ləḵōn baytəḵōn ḥarbā.
      Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
  2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
  3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
  4. rotten

Inflection edit

    declension of ܚܪܒܐ
masculine singular plural
absolute ܚܪܒ ܚܪܒܝܢ
construct ܚܪܒ ܚܪܒܝ
emphatic ܚܪܒܐ ܚܪܒܐ
feminine singular plural
absolute ܚܪܒܐ ܚܪܒܢ
construct ܚܪܒܬ ܚܪܒܬ
emphatic ܚܪܒܬܐ ܚܪܒܬܐ

Noun edit

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) c (plural ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbē))

  1. sword, dagger, blade
    • Peshitta, Matthew 10:34:
      ܠܐ ܬܣܒܪܘܢ ܕܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ. ܠܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚܪܒܐ.
      lā ṯesbərūn də-ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā ḇə-ʾarʿā: lā ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā, ʾellā ḥarbā.
      Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.
    Synonyms: ܣܝܦܐ (saypā), ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sêrā)
  2. spearpoint
  3. ploughshare/plowshare, plough/plow
    • Peshitta, Luke 9:62:
      ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܝܫܘܥ. ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܪܡܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܥܠ ܚܪܒܐ ܕܦܕܢܐ. ܘܚܐܪ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܚܫܚ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ.
      ʾāmar lēh yəšūʿ, lā [ʾ]nāš rāmē ʾīḏēh ʿal ḥarbā ḏə-p̄addānā, wə-ḥāʾar lə-ḇestərēh wə-ḥāšaḥ lə-malkūṯēh də-ʾălāhā.
      And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.
  4. killing, slaughter
    Synonym: ܩܛܠܐ (qeṭlā)
  5. war
    Synonyms: ܩܪܒܐ (qərāḇā), ܕܪܐ (darrā)
  6. defeat, loss
  7. ravaging, devastating, destroying, ruining
  8. devastation, destruction
  9. desolation, emptiness
  10. avenging, vengeance

Inflection edit

    inflection of ܚܪܒܐ
state singular plural
absolute ܚܪܒ ܚܪܒܝܢ
construct ܚܪܒ ܚܪܒܝ
emphatic ܚܪܒܐ ܚܪܒܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my) ܚܪܒܝ ܚܪܒܝ
2nd m. sg. (your) ܚܪܒܟ ܚܪܒܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your) ܚܪܒܟܝ ܚܪܒܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his) ܚܪܒܗ ܚܪܒܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her) ܚܪܒܗ ܚܪܒܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our) ܚܪܒܢ ܚܪܒܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your) ܚܪܒܟܘܢ ܚܪܒܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your) ܚܪܒܟܝܢ ܚܪܒܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their) ܚܪܒܗܘܢ ܚܪܒܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their) ܚܪܒܗܝܢ ܚܪܒܝܗܝܢ

Descendants edit

  • → Old Armenian: խարբ (xarb)

Proper noun edit

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m

  1. (astronomy) name of a comet

References edit

  • “ḥrb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-27
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 115b-116a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 155b-156a
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 486a-b
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