पाप

Hindi edit

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पाप (pāpá).

Pronunciation edit

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɑːp/, [päːp]

Noun edit

पाप • (pāp) m (Urdu spelling پاپ)

sin
किसी का दिल दुखाना पाप है।
kisī kā dil dukhānā pāp hai.
It is a sin to hurt someone's feelings.

हत्या पाप भी है अपराध भी है।
hatyā pāp bhī hai aprādh bhī hai.
Murder is a sin as well as a crime.

Declension edit

Declension of पाप (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पाप pāp	पाप pāp
oblique	पाप pāp	पापों pāpõ
vocative	पाप pāp	पापो pāpo

Synonyms edit

अपराध (aprādh)
गुनाह (gunāh)

References edit

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “पाप”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “पाप”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पाप”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit पाप (pāpa).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /pap/

Noun edit

पाप • (pāp) n

sin

Declension edit

Declension of पाप (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	पाप pāp
direct plural	पापे, पापं pāpe, pāpa
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	पाप pāp	पापे, पापं pāpe, pāpa
oblique सामान्यरूप	पापा pāpā	पापां- pāpān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	पापाला pāpālā	पापांना pāpānnā
ergative	पापाने, पापानं pāpāne, pāpāna	पापांनी pāpānnī
instrumental	पापाशी pāpāśī	पापांशी pāpānśī
locative सप्तमी	पापात pāpāt	पापांत pāpāt
vocative संबोधन	पापा pāpā	पापांनो pāpānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of पाप (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	पापाचा pāpāċā	पापाचे pāpāċe	पापाची pāpācī	पापाच्या pāpācā	पापाचे, पापाचं pāpāċe, pāpāċa	पापाची pāpācī	पापाच्या pāpācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	पापांचा pāpānċā	पापांचे pāpānċe	पापांची pāpāñcī	पापांच्या pāpāncā	पापांचे, पापांचं pāpānċe, pāpānċa	पापांची pāpāñcī	पापांच्या pāpāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References edit

Berntsen, Maxine, “पाप”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

pāpa (Latin script)
𑀧𑀸𑀧 (Brahmi script)
পাপ (Bengali script)
පාප (Sinhalese script)
ပါပ or ပႃပ (Burmese script)
ปาป or ปาปะ (Thai script)
ᨷᩤᨷ (Tai Tham script)
ປາປ or ປາປະ (Lao script)
បាប (Khmer script)
𑄛𑄂𑄛 (Chakma script)

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sanskrit पाप (pāpá).

Adjective edit

पाप

Devanagari script form of pāpa

Declension edit

Declension table of "पाप" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	पापो (pāpo)	पापा (pāpā)
Accusative (second)	पापं (pāpaṃ)	पापे (pāpe)
Instrumental (third)	पापेन (pāpena)	पापेहि (pāpehi) or पापेभि (pāpebhi)
Dative (fourth)	पापस्स (pāpassa) or पापाय (pāpāya) or पापत्थं (pāpatthaṃ)	पापानं (pāpānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पापस्मा (pāpasmā) or पापम्हा (pāpamhā) or पापा (pāpā)	पापेहि (pāpehi) or पापेभि (pāpebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	पापस्स (pāpassa)	पापानं (pāpānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पापस्मिं (pāpasmiṃ) or पापम्हि (pāpamhi) or पापे (pāpe)	पापेसु (pāpesu)
Vocative (calling)	पाप (pāpa)	पापा (pāpā)

Declension table of "पापी" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	पापी (pāpī)	पापियो (pāpiyo) or पापी (pāpī)
Accusative (second)	पापिं (pāpiṃ) or पापियं (pāpiyaṃ)	पापियो (pāpiyo) or पापी (pāpī)
Instrumental (third)	पापिया (pāpiyā)	पापीहि (pāpīhi) or पापीभि (pāpībhi)
Dative (fourth)	पापिया (pāpiyā)	पापीनं (pāpīnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पापिया (pāpiyā)	पापीहि (pāpīhi) or पापीभि (pāpībhi)
Genitive (sixth)	पापिया (pāpiyā)	पापीनं (pāpīnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पापिया (pāpiyā) or पापियं (pāpiyaṃ)	पापीसु (pāpīsu)
Vocative (calling)	पापि (pāpi)	पापियो (pāpiyo) or पापी (pāpī)

Declension table of "पाप" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	पापं (pāpaṃ)	पापानि (pāpāni)
Accusative (second)	पापं (pāpaṃ)	पापानि (pāpāni)
Instrumental (third)	पापेन (pāpena)	पापेहि (pāpehi) or पापेभि (pāpebhi)
Dative (fourth)	पापस्स (pāpassa) or पापाय (pāpāya) or पापत्थं (pāpatthaṃ)	पापानं (pāpānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पापस्मा (pāpasmā) or पापम्हा (pāpamhā) or पापा (pāpā)	पापेहि (pāpehi) or पापेभि (pāpebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	पापस्स (pāpassa)	पापानं (pāpānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पापस्मिं (pāpasmiṃ) or पापम्हि (pāpamhi) or पापे (pāpe)	पापेसु (pāpesu)
Vocative (calling)	पाप (pāpa)	पापानि (pāpāni)

Noun edit

पाप n

Devanagari script form of pāpa (“sin”)

Declension edit

Declension table of "पाप" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	पापं (pāpaṃ)	पापानि (pāpāni)
Accusative (second)	पापं (pāpaṃ)	पापानि (pāpāni)
Instrumental (third)	पापेन (pāpena)	पापेहि (pāpehi) or पापेभि (pāpebhi)
Dative (fourth)	पापस्स (pāpassa) or पापाय (pāpāya) or पापत्थं (pāpatthaṃ)	पापानं (pāpānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पापस्मा (pāpasmā) or पापम्हा (pāpamhā) or पापा (pāpā)	पापेहि (pāpehi) or पापेभि (pāpebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	पापस्स (pāpassa)	पापानं (pāpānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पापस्मिं (pāpasmiṃ) or पापम्हि (pāpamhi) or पापे (pāpe)	पापेसु (pāpesu)
Vocative (calling)	पाप (pāpa)	पापानि (pāpāni)

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

পাপ (Assamese script)
ᬧᬵᬧ (Balinese script)
পাপ (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰯𑰢 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀸𑀧 (Brahmi script)
ပါပ (Burmese script)
પાપ (Gujarati script)
ਪਾਪ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌾𑌪 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦴꦥ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂰𑂣 (Kaithi script)
ಪಾಪ (Kannada script)
បាប (Khmer script)
ປາປ (Lao script)
പാപ (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢒᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘰𑘢 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᢗᢒᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧑𑧂 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐵𑐥 (Newa script)
ପାପ (Odia script)
ꢦꢵꢦ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆳𑆥 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖯𑖢 (Siddham script)
පාප (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩛𑩰 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚭𑚞 (Takri script)
பாப (Tamil script)
పాప (Telugu script)
ปาป (Thai script)
པཱ་པ (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒰𑒣 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨊𑨞 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pāpás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬞𐬀 (pāpa).

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː.pɐ́/, /pɑ́ː.pɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑː.pɐ/

Adjective edit

पाप • (pāpá or pā́pa) stem

bad, vicious, wicked, evil, wretched, vile, low
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
(astrology) boding evil, inauspicious

Usage notes edit

Feminine declension in ī occurs in Vedic Sanskrit, while a-stem feminine declension is more prevalent in Classical Sanskrit.

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of पाप (pāpá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पापः pāpáḥ	पापौ / पापा¹ pāpaú / pāpā́¹	पापाः / पापासः¹ pāpā́ḥ / pāpā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पाप pā́pa	पापौ / पापा¹ pā́pau / pā́pā¹	पापाः / पापासः¹ pā́pāḥ / pā́pāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पापम् pāpám	पापौ / पापा¹ pāpaú / pāpā́¹	पापान् pāpā́n
Instrumental	पापेन pāpéna	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापैः / पापेभिः¹ pāpaíḥ / pāpébhiḥ¹
Dative	पापाय pāpā́ya	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Ablative	पापात् pāpā́t	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Genitive	पापस्य pāpásya	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापानाम् pāpā́nām
Locative	पापे pāpé	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापेषु pāpéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पापा (pāpā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पापा pāpā́	पापे pāpé	पापाः pāpā́ḥ
Vocative	पापे pā́pe	पापे pā́pe	पापाः pā́pāḥ
Accusative	पापाम् pāpā́m	पापे pāpé	पापाः pāpā́ḥ
Instrumental	पापया / पापा¹ pāpáyā / pāpā́¹	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापाभिः pāpā́bhiḥ
Dative	पापायै pāpā́yai	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापाभ्यः pāpā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पापायाः / पापायै² pāpā́yāḥ / pāpā́yai²	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापाभ्यः pāpā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पापायाः / पापायै² pāpā́yāḥ / pāpā́yai²	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापानाम् pāpā́nām
Locative	पापायाम् pāpā́yām	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापासु pāpā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पाप (pāpá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पापम् pāpám	पापे pāpé	पापानि / पापा¹ pāpā́ni / pāpā́¹
Vocative	पाप pā́pa	पापे pā́pe	पापानि / पापा¹ pā́pāni / pā́pā¹
Accusative	पापम् pāpám	पापे pāpé	पापानि / पापा¹ pāpā́ni / pāpā́¹
Instrumental	पापेन pāpéna	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापैः / पापेभिः¹ pāpaíḥ / pāpébhiḥ¹
Dative	पापाय pāpā́ya	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Ablative	पापात् pāpā́t	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Genitive	पापस्य pāpásya	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापानाम् pāpā́nām
Locative	पापे pāpé	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापेषु pāpéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of पापी (pāpī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पापी pāpī	पाप्यौ / पापी¹ pāpyau / pāpī¹	पाप्यः / पापीः¹ pāpyaḥ / pāpīḥ¹
Vocative	पापि pāpi	पाप्यौ / पापी¹ pāpyau / pāpī¹	पाप्यः / पापीः¹ pāpyaḥ / pāpīḥ¹
Accusative	पापीम् pāpīm	पाप्यौ / पापी¹ pāpyau / pāpī¹	पापीः pāpīḥ
Instrumental	पाप्या pāpyā	पापीभ्याम् pāpībhyām	पापीभिः pāpībhiḥ
Dative	पाप्यै pāpyai	पापीभ्याम् pāpībhyām	पापीभ्यः pāpībhyaḥ
Ablative	पाप्याः / पाप्यै² pāpyāḥ / pāpyai²	पापीभ्याम् pāpībhyām	पापीभ्यः pāpībhyaḥ
Genitive	पाप्याः / पाप्यै² pāpyāḥ / pāpyai²	पाप्योः pāpyoḥ	पापीनाम् pāpīnām
Locative	पाप्याम् pāpyām	पाप्योः pāpyoḥ	पापीषु pāpīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Noun edit

पाप • (pāpá) stem, m

a wicked man, wretch, villain
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of पाप (pāpá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पापः pāpáḥ	पापौ / पापा¹ pāpaú / pāpā́¹	पापाः / पापासः¹ pāpā́ḥ / pāpā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पाप pā́pa	पापौ / पापा¹ pā́pau / pā́pā¹	पापाः / पापासः¹ pā́pāḥ / pā́pāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पापम् pāpám	पापौ / पापा¹ pāpaú / pāpā́¹	पापान् pāpā́n
Instrumental	पापेन pāpéna	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापैः / पापेभिः¹ pāpaíḥ / pāpébhiḥ¹
Dative	पापाय pāpā́ya	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Ablative	पापात् pāpā́t	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Genitive	पापस्य pāpásya	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापानाम् pāpā́nām
Locative	पापे pāpé	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापेषु pāpéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun edit

पाप • (pāpá) stem, n

evil, misfortune, ill-luck, trouble, mischief, harm
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
sin, vice, crime, guilt
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of पाप (pāpá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पापम् pāpám	पापे pāpé	पापानि / पापा¹ pāpā́ni / pāpā́¹
Vocative	पाप pā́pa	पापे pā́pe	पापानि / पापा¹ pā́pāni / pā́pā¹
Accusative	पापम् pāpám	पापे pāpé	पापानि / पापा¹ pāpā́ni / pāpā́¹
Instrumental	पापेन pāpéna	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापैः / पापेभिः¹ pāpaíḥ / pāpébhiḥ¹
Dative	पापाय pāpā́ya	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Ablative	पापात् pāpā́t	पापाभ्याम् pāpā́bhyām	पापेभ्यः pāpébhyaḥ
Genitive	पापस्य pāpásya	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापानाम् pāpā́nām
Locative	पापे pāpé	पापयोः pāpáyoḥ	पापेषु pāpéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Synonyms edit

पातक (pātaka)
आगस् (āgas)
एनस् (enas)

Descendants edit

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀬 (pāya)
Pali: pāpa
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀯 (pāva)
- Old Gujarati: पाव (pāv)

Borrowed terms edit

→ Bengali: পাপ (pap)
→ Gujarati: પાપ (pāp)
→ Indonesian: papa
→ Kannada: ಪಾಪ (pāpa)
→ Khmer: បាប (baap)
→ Lao: ບາບ (bāp)
→ Lü: ᦢᦱᧇ (ḃaab)
→ Malayalam: പാപം (pāpaṁ)
→ Punjabi: ਪਾਪ (pāpa)
→ Tamil: பாவம் (pāvam)
→ Telugu: పాపము (pāpamu)
→ Thai: บาป (bàap)
→ Urdu: پاپ (pāp)