fraud

See also: frauð

Contents

English

Etymology

From Middle English fraude (recorded since 1345), from Old French fraude, a borrowing from Latin fraus (“deceit, injury, offence”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /fɹɔːd/
• (US) enPR: frôd, IPA^(key): /fɹɔd/
• (cot–caught merger, Northern Cities Vowel Shift) enPR: frŏd, IPA^(key): /fɹɑd/
• Rhymes: -ɔːd

Noun

fraud (countable and uncountable, plural frauds)

1. (law) The crime of stealing or otherwise illegally obtaining money by use of deception tactics.
2. Any act of deception carried out for the purpose of unfair, undeserved and/or unlawful gain.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Alexander Pope

     If success a lover's toil attends, / Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends.

   • 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion‎^[1]:

     But electric vehicles and the batteries that made them run became ensnared in corporate scandals, fraud, and monopolistic corruption that shook the confidence of the nation and inspired automotive upstarts.

3. The assumption of a false identity to such deceptive end.
4. A person who performs any such trick.
5. (obsolete) A trap or snare.
   • (Can we date this quote?) John Milton

     to draw the proud King Ahab into fraud

Synonyms

The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}} to add them to the appropriate sense(s).

• swindle
• scam
• (criminal) deceit
• trickery
• hoky-poky
• imposture
• (person) faker, fraudster, impostor, cheat(er), trickster

Related terms

• defraud
• fraudulence
• fraudulent
• fraudulently
• fraudulentness
• insurance fraud
• mail fraud
• pious fraud
• wire fraud

Translations

an act of deception

• Arabic: غِشّ‎ (ar) m (ḡišš), اِحْتِيال‎ m (iḥtiyāl), تَزْوِير‎ m (tazwīr)
• Armenian: խաբեբայություն (hy) (xabebayutʿyun), խարդախություն (hy) (xardaxutʿyun), նենգություն (hy) (nengutʿyun)
• Belarusian: махля́рства n (maxljárstva), машэ́льніцтва n (mašélʹnictva), ашука́нства n (ašukánstva), круце́льства n (krucjélʹstva)
• Bulgarian: изма́ма (bg) f (izmáma), изма́ми (bg) f pl (izmámi)
• Catalan: frau (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 騙局 (zh), 骗局 (zh) (piànjú), 詐騙 (zh), 诈骗 (zh) (zhàpiàn)

• Czech: podvod (cs) m
• Danish: bedrageri n, svindel c
• Dutch: fraude (nl) c, flessentrekkerij (nl) f, bedrog (nl) n, oplichterij (nl) f, oplichting (nl) f, zwendel (nl) m
• Esperanto: fraŭdo, trompo
• Estonian: kelmus
• Faroese: svik n
• Finnish: petos (fi), vilppi (fi)
• French: fraude (fr)
• Galician: fraude (gl) m
• Georgian: თაღლითობა (taɣlitoba)
• German: Betrug (de) m, Schwindel (de) m
• Greek: απάτη (el) f (apáti)
• Hebrew: רַמָּאוּת‎ f (ramaút)
• Hindi: धोखा (hi) m (dhokhā), छल (hi) m (chal)
• Hungarian: csalás (hu), szélhámosság (hu)
• Ido: fraudo (io)
• Indonesian: penipuan (id)
• Irish: calaois f

  Old Irish: éccubus m

• Italian: frode (it) m, frodi (it) pl, baratteria f
• Japanese: 詐欺 (ja) (さぎ, sagi)
• Khmer: please add this translation if you can
• Korean: 사기 (ko) (sagi)

• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: fraus f, captiō f
• Latvian: krāpšana f
• Lithuanian: sukčiavimas m
• Macedonian: измама f (izmama)
• Maori: hara taware
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: bedrageri n, svindel (no) m
• Persian: شیادی‎ (fa) (šayyâdi), کلاهبرداری‎ (fa) (kolâhbardâri), فریب‎ (fa) (farib)
• Polish: oszustwo (pl) n, wyłudzenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: fraude (pt) f, falcatrua (pt) f, logro (pt) m, estelionato (pt) (legal)
• Romanian: înșelăciune (ro) f
• Russian: моше́нничество (ru) n (mošénničestvo), жу́льничество (ru) n (žúlʹničestvo), афе́ра (ru) f (aféra), шу́лерство (ru) n (šúlerstvo)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: превара f

  Roman: prevara (sh) f

• Slovak: podvod m
• Slovene: prevara (sl) f, goljufija f, potegavščina f
• Spanish: fraude (es) m
• Swahili: ghashi (sw), sakata (sw)
• Swedish: bedrägeri (sv) n, svindel (sv) c
• Tagalog: daya, pandaraya
• Thai: การฉ้อโกง (gaan-chɔ̂ɔ-goong), การโกง (th), การทุจริต (th) (gaan-tút-jà-rìt)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: dolandırıcılık (tr)
• Ukrainian: шахра́йство n (šaxrájstvo)
• Vietnamese: sự gian lận (vi), sự gian trá (vi), sự lừa lọc (vi)
• Welsh: twyll (cy) m
• Yiddish: שווינדל‎ (shvindl)

assumption of a false identity to such deceptive end

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 騙局 (zh), 骗局 (zh) (piànjú), 詐騙 (zh), 诈骗 (zh) (zhàpiàn)

• Danish: bedrageri n, forfalskning c
• Finnish: petos (fi)
• Maori: hara tāware

• Portuguese: falsidade ideológica f
• Swedish: bedrägeri (sv) n, förfalskning (sv) c
• Tagalog: daya, pandaraya

one who performs fraud

• Armenian: խաբեբա (hy) (xabeba), խարդախ (hy) (xardax), սրիկա (hy) (srika)
• Bulgarian: измамник (bg) m (izmamnik), мошеник (bg) m (mošenik)
• Danish: bedrager c, svindler c
• Dutch: fraudeur (nl) m, oplichter (nl) m, bedrieger (nl) n, charlatan (nl) m, vervalser (nl) m
• Finnish: huijari (fi)
• French: imposteur (fr) m, charlatan (fr) m
• Galician: moinante (gl) m, truán (gl) m
• German: Betrüger (de) m, Betrügerin (de) f
• Greek: απατεώνας (el) m (apateónas)
• Hungarian: csaló (hu), szélhámos (hu)

• Indonesian: penipu (id)
• Japanese: 詐欺師 (ja) (さぎし, sagishi), ペテン師 (ペテンし, petenshi)
• Persian: شیاد‎ (fa) (šayyâd), کلاهبردار‎ (fa) (kolâhbardâr), آپارتی‎ (fa) (âpârti)
• Polish: oszust (pl) m
• Portuguese: fraudador (pt) m
• Russian: моше́нник (ru) m (mošénnik), жу́лик (ru) m (žúlik), афери́ст (ru) m (aferíst), шу́лер (ru) m (šúler)
• Spanish: defraudador
• Swedish: bedragare (sv) c
• Ukrainian: шахра́й (šaxráj)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: ^{(please verify)} fraude (fr), ^{(please verify)} fraudeur (fr) m, ^{(please verify)} charlatan (fr) m

Verb

fraud (third-person singular simple present frauds, present participle frauding, simple past and past participle frauded)

1. (obsolete) To defraud

Translations

defraud — see defraud

See also

• embezzlement
• false billing
• false advertising
• forgery
• identity theft
• predatory lending
• quackery
• usury
• white-collar crime