不可能
Chinese
editnot; no | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (不可能) | 不 | 可能 | |
simp. #(不可能) | 不 | 可能 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ ㄋㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bùkěnéng
- Wade–Giles: pu4-kʻo3-nêng2
- Yale: bù-kě-néng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bukeeneng
- Palladius: букэнэн (bukɛnɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bat1 ho2 nang4
- Yale: bāt hó nàhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat7 ho2 nang4
- Guangdong Romanization: bed1 ho2 neng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚⁵ hɔː³⁵ nɐŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Adjective
edit不可能
Synonyms
editDialectal synonyms of 不可能 (“impossible”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不可能 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 不可能 |
Malaysia | 不可能 | |
Singapore | 不可能 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 冇可能 |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 冇可能 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 無可能 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 無可能 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 無可能 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 無可能 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 無可能 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 無可能 | |
Singapore (Dabu) | 無可能 | |
Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 無可能 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 無可能 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 無可能 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 勿可能 |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | ||
---|---|---|
不 | 可 | 能 |
ふ Grade: 4 |
か Grade: 5 |
のう Grade: 5 |
goon |
Etymology
editUltimately from Middle Chinese compound 不可能 (pjuw khaXnong, literally “not possible”).
First cited in Natsume Soseki's works in 1905.[1] The positive term 可能 (kanō, “possible”) isn't cited until a few years later in 1909. However, the related term 可能性 (kanōsei, “possibility”) is cited earlier in 1881, in the 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō,[2][3] suggesting that the terms 不可能 (fukanō) and 可能 (kanō) may have been in use earlier than first cited.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit不可能 • (fukanō) -na (adnominal 不可能な (fukanō na), adverbial 不可能に (fukanō ni))
- [from 1905] impossible
Inflection
editInflection of 不可能
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 不可能だろ | ふかのうだろ | fukanō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 不可能で | ふかのうで | fukanō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 不可能だ | ふかのうだ | fukanō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 不可能な | ふかのうな | fukanō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 不可能なら | ふかのうなら | fukanō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 不可能であれ | ふかのうであれ | fukanō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 不可能ではない 不可能じゃない |
ふかのうではない ふかのうじゃない |
fukanō de wa nai fukanō ja nai |
Informal past | 不可能だった | ふかのうだった | fukanō datta |
Informal negative past | 不可能ではなかった 不可能じゃなかった |
ふかのうではなかった ふかのうじゃなかった |
fukanō de wa nakatta fukanō ja nakatta |
Formal | 不可能です | ふかのうです | fukanō desu |
Formal negative | 不可能ではありません 不可能じゃありません |
ふかのうではありません ふかのうじゃありません |
fukanō de wa arimasen fukanō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 不可能でした | ふかのうでした | fukanō deshita |
Formal negative past | 不可能ではありませんでした 不可能じゃありませんでした |
ふかのうではありませんでした ふかのうじゃありませんでした |
fukanō de wa arimasen deshita fukanō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 不可能で | ふかのうで | fukanō de |
Conditional | 不可能なら(ば) | ふかのうなら(ば) | fukanō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 不可能だったら | ふかのうだったら | fukanō dattara |
Volitional | 不可能だろう | ふかのうだろう | fukanō darō |
Adverbial | 不可能に | ふかのうに | fukanō ni |
Degree | 不可能さ | ふかのうさ | fukanōsa |
Synonyms
editAntonyms
edit- 可能 (kanō, “possible”), 出来る (dekiru), 有り得る (ariuru)
- 不可避 (fukahi, “inevitable”), 必然的 (hitsuzenteki, “inevitable”), 確実 (kakujitsu, “certain”)
Noun
edit- impossibility, that which is impossible
- 不可能を可能にする
- fukanō o kanō ni suru
- to make the impossible possible
- 不可能を可能にする
Antonyms
editReferences
edit- ^ “不可能”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “可能性”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy][3], University of Tokyo, page 68
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja in this term | ||
---|---|---|
不 | 可 | 能 |
Noun
edit不可能 • (bulganeung) (hangeul 불가능)
- hanja form? of 불가능 (“impossibility”)
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 不
- Chinese terms spelled with 可
- Chinese terms spelled with 能
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 不 read as ふ
- Japanese terms spelled with 可 read as か
- Japanese terms spelled with 能 read as のう
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 3 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese nouns
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms