他化自在天

Chinese

		he; him; other	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform	casually; without a care in the world; free casually; without a care in the world; free; unrestrained; comfortable; at ease	day; sky; heaven
trad. (他化自在天)		他	化	自在	天
simp. #(他化自在天)		他	化	自在	天

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परनिर्मित वशवर्तिन् (paranirmita vaśavartin) + Chinese 天 (tiān, “heaven”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tāhuàzìzàitiān

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tāhuàzìzàitiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tahuàzìhzàitian
    • Wade–Giles: Tʻa¹-hua⁴-tzŭ⁴-tsai⁴-tʻien¹
    • Yale: Tā-hwà-dz̀-dzài-tyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tahuahtzyhtzaytian
    • Palladius: Тахуацзыцзайтянь (Taxuaczyczajtjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tha xwaeH dzijH dzojX|dzojH then

Rime
Character	他	化	自	在	在	天
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	曉 (32)	從 (15)	從 (15)	從 (15)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	麻 (99)	脂 (15)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II	III	I	I	IV
Fanqie	託何切	呼霸切	疾二切	昨宰切	昨代切	他前切
Baxter	tha	xwaeH	dzijH	dzojX	dzojH	then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑ/	/hˠuaH/	/d͡ziɪH/	/d͡zʌiX/	/d͡zʌiH/	/tʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑ/	/hʷᵚaH/	/d͡ziH/	/d͡zəiX/	/d͡zəiH/	/tʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑ/	/xuaH/	/d͡zjɪH/	/d͡zɒiX/	/d͡zɒiH/	/tʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰa/	/hwaɨH/	/d͡ziH/	/d͡zəjX/	/d͡zəjH/	/tʰɛn/
Li Rong	/tʰɑ/	/xuaH/	/d͡ziH/	/d͡zᴀiX/	/d͡zᴀiH/	/tʰen/
Wang Li	/tʰɑ/	/xwaH/	/d͡ziH/	/d͡zɒiX/	/d͡zɒiH/	/tʰien/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑ/	/xwaH/	/d͡zʱiH/	/d͡zʱɑ̆iX/	/d͡zʱɑ̆iH/	/tʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuō	huà	zì	zài	zài	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	to1	faa3	zi6	zoi6	zoi6	tin1

Proper noun

他化自在天

1. (Buddhism) Paranirmitavaśavartin (highest and sixth of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire).

   Synonyms: 他化天, 他化樂天／他化乐天, 第六天, 娑舍跋提天

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (他化自在天):

• → Japanese: 他(た)化(け)自(じ)在(ざい)天(てん) (takejizaiten)
• → Korean: 타화자재천(他化自在天) (tahwajajaecheon)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “他化自在天” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].