千早ぶ
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
千 | 早 |
ち Grade: 1 (ateji) |
はや Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Etymology edit
From Old Japanese.
Shift from classical verb 逸早ぶ (ichihayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).[1][2]
Compare the development of 茨 (ibara, “bramble”) → 薔薇 (bara, “rose”).
Verb edit
千早ぶ • (chihayabu) intransitive †nidan
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 千早び | ちはやび | tifayabi |
Continuative (連用形) | 千早び | ちはやび | tifayabi |
Terminal (終止形) | 千早ぶ | ちはやぶ | tifayabu |
Attributive (連体形) | 千早ぶる | ちはやぶる | tifayaburu |
Realis (已然形) | 千早ぶれ | ちはやぶれ | tifayabure |
Imperative (命令形) | 千早びよ | ちはやびよ | tifayabiyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 千早びず | ちはやびず | tifayabizu |
Contrasting conjunction | 千早ぶれど | ちはやぶれど | tifayaburedo |
Causal conjunction | 千早ぶれば | ちはやぶれば | tifayabureba |
Conditional conjunction | 千早びば | ちはやびば | tifayabiba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 千早びき | ちはやびき | tifayabiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 千早びけり | ちはやびけり | tifayabikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 千早びつ | ちはやびつ | tifayabitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 千早びぬ | ちはやびぬ | tifayabinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 千早びたり | ちはやびたり | tifayabitari |
Volitional | 千早びむ | ちはやびむ | tifayabimu |
Derived terms edit
- 千早振る (chihayaburu, pillow word)
References edit
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Old Japanese edit
Etymology edit
Shift from verb 逸早ぶ (itipayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).[1][2]
Verb edit
千早ぶ (tipayabu) (kana ちはやぶ)
- to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power
- 711–712, Kojiki, (First scroll, subjugation of Ashihara no Nakatsukuni):
- ...故、以爲於此國道速振、荒振國神等之多在。
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, first variant poem 199, first variant:, text here
- ...鷄之鳴吾妻乃國之御軍士乎喚賜而千磐破人乎和爲跡不奉仕國乎治跡...
- ...to2ri ga naku aduma no2 kuni no2 mi1-ikusa wo me1si-tamapi1te tipayaburu pi1to2 wo yapase to2 maturo1panu kuni wo wosame2 to2...
- ...let us summon the glorious troops from the Eastern Lands where birds cry to vanquish the unruly peoples and conquer the defiant lands.[3]
- [Note: Another variant says 國乎掃部等 (kuni wo parape1 to2, “purify (literally ‘sweep’) these lands”) instead of kuni wo wosame2 to2.]
- , text here
- 千磐破金之三埼乎過鞆吾者不忘壯鹿之須賣神
- tipayaburu kane no2 mi1saki1 wo sugi2nu to2 mo ware pa wasurezi Sika no sume1kami2
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation edit
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 千早び | ちはやび | tifayabi |
Continuative (連用形) | 千早び | ちはやび | tifayabi |
Terminal (終止形) | 千早ぶ | ちはやぶ | tifayabu |
Attributive (連体形) | 千早ぶる | ちはやぶる | tifayaburu |
Realis (已然形) | 千早ぶれ | ちはやぶれ | tifayabure |
Imperative (命令形) | 千早びよ | ちはやびよ | tifayabiyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 千早びず | ちはやびず | tifayabizu |
Contrasting conjunction | 千早ぶれど | ちはやぶれど | tifayaburedo |
Causal conjunction | 千早ぶれば | ちはやぶれば | tifayabureba |
Conditional conjunction | 千早びば | ちはやびば | tifayabiba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 千早びき | ちはやびき | tifayabiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 千早びけり | ちはやびけり | tifayabikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 千早びつ | ちはやびつ | tifayabitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 千早びぬ | ちはやびぬ | tifayabinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 千早びたり | ちはやびたり | tifayabitari |
Volitional | 千早びむ | ちはやびむ | tifayabimu |
Derived terms edit
- 千早振る (tipayaburu, pillow word)
Descendants edit
- Japanese: 千早ぶ (chihayabu)
References edit
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Haruo Shirane, editor (2012), Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600 (Translations from the Asian classics), abridged, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 48