哀戚

Chinese

		sorrow; grief; pity sorrow; grief; pity; to grieve for; to pity; to lament	get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe
simp. and trad. (哀戚)		哀	戚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): āiqī

(Zhuyin): ㄞㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): oi¹ cik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āiqī
  - Zhuyin: ㄞㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: aici
  - Wade–Giles: ai¹-chʻi¹
  - Yale: āi-chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aichi
  - Palladius: айци (ajci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: oi¹ cik¹
  - Yale: ōi chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: oi¹ tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: oi¹ qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'oj tshek

Rime
Character	哀	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	烏開切	倉歷切
Baxter	'oj	tshek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʌi/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəi/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɒi/	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəj/	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔᴀi/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/ɒi/	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ̆i/	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	āi	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	oi¹	cik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤəj s.tʰˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯːl sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	哀	戚	戚	戚	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	āi	qī	qī	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔoj ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁəj/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	to pity; sad	(in "toad")	relatives	kind of battle axe	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哀	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14835	11729
Phonetic component	衣	尗
Rime group	微	覺
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	哀	戚
Old Chinese	/*qɯːl/	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Adjective

哀戚

(literary) full of grief and sorrow

Synonyms

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京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
哀痛 (āitòng)
哀苦 (āikǔ)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘／惨 (cǎn)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難受／难受 (nánshòu)
難過／难过 (nánguò)
青凊 (Hokkien)
黯然 (ànrán)