痛心

Chinese

		ache; pain; sorrow	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (痛心)		痛	心
anagram		心痛

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tòngxīn

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung³ sam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thung-sîm
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thòng-sim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tong³ sim¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tòngxīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tòngsin
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung⁴-hsin¹
    • Yale: tùng-syīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonqshin
    • Palladius: тунсинь (tunsinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung³ sam¹
    • Yale: tung sām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung³ sam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung³ sem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung-sîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung xim´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴ xim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòng-sim
    • Tâi-lô: thòng-sim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: torngsym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tong³ sim¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thòng sim
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sim³³/

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• Middle Chinese: thuwngH sim

Rime
Character	痛	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他貢切	息林切
Baxter	thuwngH	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋH/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋH/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋH/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋH/	/sim/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋH/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋH/	/sĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋH/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tòng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung3	sam1

Adjective

痛心

1. pained; distressed; grieved

Synonyms

• 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
• 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
• 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
• 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
• 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
• 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
• 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
• 刺心 (cìxīn)
• 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
• 哀切 (āiqiè)
• 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
• 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
• 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
• 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
• 哀痛 (āitòng)
• 心酸 (xīnsuān)
• 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
• 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
• 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
• 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
• 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
• 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
• 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
• 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
• 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
• 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
• 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
• 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
• 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
• 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 悲戚 (bēiqī)
• 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
• 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
• 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
• 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
• 悲痛 (bēitòng)
• 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
• 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
• 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
• 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
• 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
• 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
• 慘／惨 (cǎn)
• 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
• 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
• 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
• 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
• 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
• 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
• 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
• 沉痛 (chéntòng)
• 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
• 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
• 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
• 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
• 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
• 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
• 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
• 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
• 酸心 (suānxīn)
• 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
• 難過／难过 (nánguò)
• 青凊 (Hokkien)
• 黯然 (ànrán)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
痛	心
つう Grade: 6	しん Grade: 2
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痛心 (thuwng^H sim, literally “pained heart”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つうしん [tsùúshíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝːɕĩɴ]

Noun

痛(つう)心(しん) • (tsūshin) 

1. emotional suffering, extreme worry or anxiety

Verb

痛(つう)心(しん)する • (tsūshin suru) intransitive suru (stem 痛(つう)心(しん)し (tsūshin shi), past 痛(つう)心(しん)した (tsūshin shita))

1. to suffer emotionally, to be extremely worried or anxious

Conjugation

Conjugation of "痛心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	痛心し	つうしんし	tsūshin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	痛心し	つうしんし	tsūshin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	痛心する	つうしんする	tsūshin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	痛心する	つうしんする	tsūshin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	痛心すれ	つうしんすれ	tsūshin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	痛心せよ¹ 痛心しろ²	つうしんせよ¹ つうしんしろ²	tsūshin seyo¹ tsūshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	痛心される	つうしんされる	tsūshin sareru
Causative	痛心させる 痛心さす	つうしんさせる つうしんさす	tsūshin saseru tsūshin sasu
Potential	痛心できる	つうしんできる	tsūshin dekiru
Volitional	痛心しよう	つうしんしよう	tsūshin shiyō
Negative	痛心しない	つうしんしない	tsūshin shinai
Negative continuative	痛心せず	つうしんせず	tsūshin sezu
Formal	痛心します	つうしんします	tsūshin shimasu
Perfective	痛心した	つうしんした	tsūshin shita
Conjunctive	痛心して	つうしんして	tsūshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	痛心すれば	つうしんすれば	tsūshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative