開
See also: 开
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
開 (radical 169 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一廿 (ANMT), four-corner 77441, composition ⿵門开(U+958B) or ⿵門幵(U+2F9EE))
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1331, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41233
- Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4286, character 2
- Unihan data for U+958B
- Unihan data for U+2F9EE
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 開 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 門 (“door”) + 一 (“latch”) + 廾 (“a pair of hands”) — a pair of hands opening a latched door. 一 and 廾 are combined into 开 since the seal script.
Etymology 1Edit
| trad. | 開 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 开* | |
| alt. forms | 𫔭 obsolete Singapore simp. 𨵑 | |
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou, Jyutping): hoi1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): hoi1
- Gan (Wiktionary): kai1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kai1
- Min Dong (BUC): kŭi / kăi
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): khe (T1)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): kai1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
- Wade-Giles: k'ai1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
- IPA (key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: kai1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kai
- IPA (key): /kʰai⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hoi1
- Yale: hōi
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi1
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi1
- IPA (key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hoi1
- IPA (key): /hᵘɔi³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kai1
- IPA (key): /kʰai⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi
- Hakka Romanization System: koi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: koi1
- IPA: /kʰo̯i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kai1
- IPA (old-style): /kʰxai¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kŭi / kăi
- IPA (key): /kʰuoi⁵⁵/, /kʰai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- kŭi - vernacular;
- kăi - literary.
Note:
- khui - vernacular;
- khai - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kui1 / kai1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khui / khai
- IPA (key): /kʰui³³/, /kʰai³³/
Note:
- kui1 - vernacular;
- kai1 - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: khe (T1)
- IPA (key): /kʰe̞⁵³/
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: kai1
- IPA (key): /kʰai³³/
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 開 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦哀切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰəi/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəj/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰᴀi/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kāi |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 開 | 開 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kāi | kāi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khoj › | ‹ khoj › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Nə-[k]ʰˤəj/ | /*[k]ʰˤəj/ |
| English | to open (v.i.) | to open (v.t.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 開 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7348 |
| Phonetic component |
開 |
| Rime group |
微 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
開 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰɯːl/ |
DefinitionsEdit
開
- to open; to unlatch; to unfasten
- to start; to turn on; to switch on
- to begin; to start
- to boil; to seethe
- to write out (a prescription, check, invoice, etc.)
- to book (a hotel room)
- to operate/run a business
- 1905, T. B. Adam, An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect
- Apothecary, kŭi iŏh dáing gì nè̤ng.
- 1905, T. B. Adam, An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect
- to operate; to drive (a vehicle)
- apart; away
- (Cantonese) Habitual aspect particle.
- (physics) Short for 開爾文／开尔文 (kāi'ěrwén, “kelvin”).
- A surname.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 開
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DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| trad. | 開 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 开* | |
| alt. forms | 𫔭 obsolete Singapore simp. K | |
Borrowing from English K (“karat”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
- Wade-Giles: k'ai1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
- IPA (key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ke1
- Yale: kē
- Cantonese Pinyin: ke1
- Guangdong Romanization: ké1
- IPA (key): /kʰɛː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kă̤
- IPA (key): /kʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
DefinitionsEdit
開
- karat (measure of gold purity)
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
開
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: かい (kai, Jōyō); け (ke)
- Kan’on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 開く, Jōyō); ひらける (hirakeru, 開ける, Jōyō); あける (akeru, 開ける, Jōyō); あく (aku, 開く, Jōyō)
- Nanori: さく (saku); はる (haru); はるき (haruki); ひら (hira); ひらかす (hirakasu); ひらき (hiraki); ひらく (hiraku)
AntonymsEdit
- (to open): 閉
Derived termsEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
開 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune-Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.