居延

Chinese

		reside	to prolong; to extend; to delay
trad. (居延)		居	延
simp. #(居延)		居	延

Etymology

Possibly from the Xiongnu language according to Han-era historiography, especially Yan Shigu's annotation to the Book of Han. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jūyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ ㄧㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jūyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jyuyán
    • Wade–Giles: Chü¹-yen²
    • Yale: Jyū-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiuyan
    • Palladius: Цзюйянь (Czjujjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kjo yen

Rime
Character	居	延
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	九魚切	以然切
Baxter	kjo	yen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨʌ/	/jiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɔ/	/jiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɔ/	/jæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨə̆/	/jian/
Li Rong	/kiɔ/	/iɛn/
Wang Li	/kĭo/	/jĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯wo/	/i̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi1	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)a|k(r)a-s  la[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kas  lan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	居	居	延
Reading #	1/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jū	jū	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ kjo ›	‹ kjoH ›	‹ yen ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)a/	/*k(r)a-s/ (based on rhyme evidence)	/*la[n]/
English	squat; stay, dwell	dwelling	extend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	居	延
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	4264	14256
Phonetic component	古	延
Rime group	魚	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	居	延
Old Chinese	/*kas/	/*lan/

Proper noun

居延

1. (historical) Juyan (a former settlement located in present-day Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, China)

   • 單車欲問邊，屬國過居延。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     单车欲问边，属国过居延。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 737, 王維 (Wang Wei), 《使至塞上》

     Dānchē yù wèn biān, shǔguó guò Jūyán. [Pinyin]

     Driving a solitary carriage, I am going to visit the frontier. I passed through the vassal state Juyan.

Derived terms

• 居延海 (Jūyánhǎi)