慈善

Chinese

		compassionate; gentle; merciful compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane	good
trad. (慈善)		慈	善
simp. #(慈善)		慈	善

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): císhàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄕㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴ sin⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-san
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chû-siān / chîr-siǎn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵ siang⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zy-zoe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: císhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄕㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíhshàn
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²-shan⁴
    • Yale: tsź-shàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyrshann
    • Palladius: цышань (cyšanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci⁴ sin⁶
    • Yale: chìh sihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴ sin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴ xin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ siːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-san
    • Hakka Romanization System: ciiˇ san
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci² san⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ san⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-siān
    • Tâi-lô: tsû-siān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zusien
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ siɛn³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ siɛn³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² siɛn²²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-siǎn
    • Tâi-lô: tsîr-siǎn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ce⁵ siang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ siăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy-zoe
    • MiniDict: zy^去 zoe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr-zoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² zø⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzi dzyenX

Rime
Character	慈	善
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾之切	常演切
Baxter	dzi	dzyenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨ/	/d͡ʑiᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɨ/	/d͡ʑiɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zie/	/d͡ʑjænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨ/	/d͡ʑianX/
Li Rong	/d͡ziə/	/ʑiɛnX/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭə/	/ʑĭɛnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/	/ʑi̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci4	sin6

Adjective

慈善

1. benevolent; charitable; philanthropic

   慈善音樂會／慈善音乐会  ―  císhàn yīnyuèhuì  ―  charity concert

Synonyms

• 慈悲 (cíbēi)

Derived terms

• 公益慈善團體／公益慈善团体
• 慈善事業／慈善事业
• 慈善家 (císhànjiā)
• 慈善機構／慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu)
• 防癆慈善紀念票／防痨慈善纪念票

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (慈善):

• → Japanese: 慈(じ)善(ぜん) (jizen)
• → Korean: 자선(慈善) (jaseon)
• → Vietnamese: từ thiện (慈善)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
慈	善
じ Grade: S	ぜん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じぜん [jìzéń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑizẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

慈(じ)善(ぜん) • (jizen) 

1. charity; benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need

Synonyms

• 慈愛
• 思いやり
• 寛容
• 寛大さ
• チャリティー

Antonyms

• 貪欲 (とんよく, ton'yoku; or たんよく, tan'yoku): greed

Coordinate terms

• (virtue): chastity, diligence, patience, kindness, humility, temperance

Derived terms

• 慈善心: a charitable spirit
• 慈善団体: charitable organizations

See also

• 慈善 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja
• Charity on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Korean

Hanja in this term
慈	善

Noun

慈善 • (jaseon) (hangeul 자선)

1. Hanja form^? of 자선 (“charity”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
慈	善

Adjective

慈善

1. chữ Hán form of từ thiện (“charitable; philanthropic”).