慈悲

Chinese

		compassionate; gentle; merciful compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane	sad; sadness; sorrow sad; sadness; sorrow; grief
trad. (慈悲)		慈	悲
simp. #(慈悲)		慈	悲

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit मैत्रीकरुणा (maitrīkaruṇā, “benevolence and compassion”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cíbēi

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄅㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴ bei¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'ci² bi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-pî
• Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀-pĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chû-pi / chîr-pi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵ bui¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zy-pe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cíbēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄅㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíhbei
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²-pei¹
    • Yale: tsź-bēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyrbei
    • Palladius: цыбэй (cybɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci⁴ bei¹
    • Yale: chìh bēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴ bei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴ béi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ pei̯⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'ci² bi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈt͡sʰz̩²⁴ pi⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-pî
    • Hakka Romanization System: ciiˇ bi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci² bi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ pi²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀-pĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(pʰ-)βi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-pi
    • Tâi-lô: tsû-pi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zu'py
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-pi
    • Tâi-lô: tsîr-pi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² pi³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ce⁵ bui¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ pui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pui³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy-pe
    • MiniDict: zy^去 pe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr-pe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² pe⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzi pij

Rime
Character	慈	悲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾之切	府眉切
Baxter	dzi	pij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨ/	/pˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɨ/	/pᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zie/	/piɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨ/	/pji/
Li Rong	/d͡ziə/	/pji/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭə/	/pi/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/	/pi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci4	bei1

Adjective

慈悲

1. (originally Buddhism) merciful; benevolent; pitying

   • 精進行道，慈悲修慧，乘法身船，至涅槃岸；復還生死，度脫眾生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     精进行道，慈悲修慧，乘法身船，至涅槃岸；复还生死，度脱众生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 2^nd century, An Shigao, 《佛說八大人覺經》, in Taishō Tripiṭaka, volume 17, page 715

     Jīngjìn xíngdào, cíbēi xiūhuì, chéng fǎshēn chuán, zhì nièpán àn; fùhái shēngsǐ, dùtuō zhòngshēng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 慈善 (císhàn)

Derived terms

• 假慈悲
• 大發慈悲／大发慈悲 (dàfācíbēi)
• 慈悲殺人／慈悲杀人 (cíbēi shārén)
• 慈悲為懷／慈悲为怀
• 慈悲為本／慈悲为本
• 無慈悲／无慈悲 (wúcíbēi)
• 貓哭耗子——假慈悲／猫哭耗子——假慈悲 (māo kū hàozi, jiǎ cíbēi)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (慈悲):

• → Japanese: 慈悲(じひ) (jihi)
• → Korean: 자비(慈悲) (jabi)
• → Vietnamese: từ bi (慈悲)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “慈悲” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
慈	悲
じ Grade: S	ひ Grade: 3
goon

Alternative forms

• (honorific) お慈悲(じひ) (o-jihi)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じひ [jíꜜhì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiçi]

Noun

慈(じ)悲(ひ) • (jihi) 

1. (Buddhism) compassion
2. mercy; sympathy

   お慈悲(じひ)を！

   O-jihi o!

   Have mercy!

   • 1632, Diego Collado, Niffon no Cotõbani Yô Confesion, page 4:

     R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
     R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima.
     (Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.)

     R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
     R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima.
     (Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.)

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 81:

     Miſericordia, æ, eleemoſina, [sic] æ, miſericordia y limoſna, [sic] jifi.

     Miſericordia, æ, eleemoſina, [sic] æ, miſericordia y limoſna, [sic] jifi.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “mercy; sympathy”): 無慈悲(むじひ) (mujihi)

Derived terms

• 慈(じ)悲(ひ)深(ぶか)い (jihibukai)

See also

• 哀憐(あいれん) (airen), 愛憐(あいれん) (airen)

Korean

Hanja in this term
慈	悲

Noun

慈悲 • (jabi) (hangeul 자비)

1. Hanja form^? of 자비 (“mercy”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
慈	悲

Adjective

慈悲

1. chữ Hán form of từ bi (“merciful, compassion”).