机

See also: 機

机 U+673A, 机 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-673A ← 朹 [U+6739] CJK Unified Ideographs 朻 → [U+673B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	机∣機
Simplified	机
Traditional	机∣機

Han character

机 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 木竹弓 (DHN), four-corner 4791₀, composition ⿰木几)

Derived characters

• 𣌯, 𦊵, 𪳴, 𩍊

References

• KangXi: page 510, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14435
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1155, character 4
• Unihan data for U+673A

Usage notes

Note that in Japanese, traditional Chinese, and Korean, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機／机 (jī).

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (几) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
肌	*kril
飢	*kril
机	*kril, *krilʔ
虮	*kril
几	*krilʔ
麂	*krilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kril, *krilʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ).

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 机 – see 機 (“weaving machine; spinning machine; machine; apparatus; device; etc.”). (This character, 机, is the simplified and variant form of 機.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		机

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī, jǐ (ji¹, ji³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹, gei²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chi³
    • Yale: jǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹, gei²
    • Yale: gēi, géi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹, gei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹, géi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵/, /kei̯³⁵/

Note: gei2 - variant.

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• Middle Chinese: kjij, kjijX

Rime
Character	机	机
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居夷切	居履切
Baxter	kjij	kjijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiɪ/	/kiɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/ki/	/kiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kjɪ/	/kjɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ki/	/kiX/
Li Rong	/ki/	/kiX/
Wang Li	/ki/	/kiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki/	/kiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei1	gei2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*krəjʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kril/, /*krilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	机
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kijX ›
Old Chinese	/*krəjʔ/
English	small table, stool
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	机	机
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5758	5761
Phonetic component	几	几
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	飢	几
Old Chinese	/*kril/	/*krilʔ/

Definitions

机

1. Alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”)
2. ^† alder
3. a surname

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴
    • Yale: wèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

机

1. ^† chopping board

Japanese

Kanji

机

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. desk, table

Readings

• Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: つくえ (tsukue, 机, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 机(き)下(か) (kika)
• 机(き)上(じょう) (kijō)
• 机(き)辺(へん) (kihen)
• 経(きょう)机(つくえ) (kyōtsukue)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
机
つくえ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
つくえ 案

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つくえ [tsùkúé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝe̞]

Noun

机(つくえ) • (tsukue) 

1. desk; table

   机(つくえ)の上(うえ)に本(ほん)が三(さん)冊(さつ)ある。

   Tsukue no ue ni hon ga sansatsu aru.

   There are three books on the desk.

Usage notes

In pre-WWII literature, the historical kana spelling was mistaken to be つくゑ.

Korean

Hanja

机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)

1. desk

Vietnamese

Han character

机: Hán Nôm readings: cơ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.