歪む
Japanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
歪 |
ひず Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Unknown. Possible shared root with 肘 (hiji, “elbow”) and 膝 (hiza, “knee”), related to ideas of bending.
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "歪む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
歪む | ひずむ | [hìzúmú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 歪め | ひずめ | [hìzúmé] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 歪まれる | ひずまれる | [hìzúmárérú] |
Causative | 歪ませる | ひずませる | [hìzúmásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 歪もう | ひずもー | [hìzúmóꜜò] |
Negative | 歪まない | ひずまない | [hìzúmánáí] |
Negative perfective | 歪まなかった | ひずまなかった | [hìzúmánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 歪みます | ひずみます | [hìzúmímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 歪んだ | ひずんだ | [hìzúńdá] |
Conjunctive | 歪んで | ひずんで | [hìzúńdé] |
Hypothetical conditional | 歪めば | ひずめば | [hìzúméꜜbà] |
Verb
edit歪む • (hizumu) ←ひづむ (fidumu)?transitive or intransitive godan (stem 歪み (hizumi), past 歪んだ (hizunda))
- (intransitive) to become bent, deformed, warped, twisted, crooked
- (transitive) to bend or warp something:
Usage notes
editひずむ (hizumu) can be used to describe:
- images:
- 映像が歪む ― eizō ga hizumu ― the image is distorting
- shapes:
- 箱の形が歪む ― hako no katachi ga hizumu ― the box's shape is distorting
- audio:
- 音声が歪む ― onsei ga hizumu ― the sound is distorting
but cannot be used to describe:
- facial expressions
ひずむ (hizumu) implies that the subject is difficult to see or hear properly due to noise, distortion, or other impurity. It is used less to describe specific shapes, and more to describe noise in images or audio.
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 歪ま | ひずま | hizuma |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 歪み | ひずみ | hizumi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 歪む | ひずむ | hizumu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 歪む | ひずむ | hizumu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 歪め | ひずめ | hizume |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 歪め | ひずめ | hizume |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 歪まれる | ひずまれる | hizumareru |
Causative | 歪ませる 歪ます |
ひずませる ひずます |
hizumaseru hizumasu |
Potential | 歪める | ひずめる | hizumeru |
Volitional | 歪もう | ひずもう | hizumō |
Negative | 歪まない | ひずまない | hizumanai |
Negative continuative | 歪まず | ひずまず | hizumazu |
Formal | 歪みます | ひずみます | hizumimasu |
Perfective | 歪んだ | ひずんだ | hizunda |
Conjunctive | 歪んで | ひずんで | hizunde |
Hypothetical conditional | 歪めば | ひずめば | hizumeba |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
歪 |
ゆが Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, which in turn comes from Proto-Japonic *yOnkamu. Possibly related to 弓 (yumi, “a bow”), which appears in compounds as ゆ (yu).
Pronunciation
edit- (Tokyo) ゆがむ [yùgámú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) ゆがむ [yùgáꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
- IPA(key): [jɯ̟ɡa̠mɯ̟]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "歪む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
歪む | ゆがむ | [yùgámú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 歪め | ゆがめ | [yùgámé] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 歪まれる | ゆがまれる | [yùgámárérú] |
Causative | 歪ませる | ゆがませる | [yùgámásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 歪もう | ゆがもー | [yùgámóꜜò] |
Negative | 歪まない | ゆがまない | [yùgámánáí] |
Negative perfective | 歪まなかった | ゆがまなかった | [yùgámánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 歪みます | ゆがみます | [yùgámímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 歪んだ | ゆがんだ | [yùgáńdá] |
Conjunctive | 歪んで | ゆがんで | [yùgáńdé] |
Hypothetical conditional | 歪めば | ゆがめば | [yùgáméꜜbà] |
Verb
edit歪む • (yugamu) intransitive godan (stem 歪み (yugami), past 歪んだ (yuganda))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 歪める |
mediopassive | 歪む |
- to deform, to bend, to become warped or twisted
- to become improper or irregular, such as emotions or actions
- to deviate from a previous stance or favorable direction
- to speak in a strong accent
Usage notes
editゆがむ (yugamu) can be used to describe:
- images:
- 映像が歪む ― eizō ga yugamu ― the image is deforming
- shapes:
- 箱の形が歪む ― hako no katachi ga yugamu ― the box's shape is deforming
- facial expressions:
- 苦しみで顔が歪む ― kurushimi de kao ga yugamu ― the suffering face is becoming irregular
but cannot be used to describe:
- audio
ゆがむ (yugamu) implies that a shape or form has become distorted or deformed for some reason. This can be used to describe three-dimensional objects or lines, but is more often used to describe flat objects. ゆがむ (yugamu) often carries negative connotations.
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 歪ま | ゆがま | yugama |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 歪み | ゆがみ | yugami |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 歪む | ゆがむ | yugamu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 歪む | ゆがむ | yugamu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 歪め | ゆがめ | yugame |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 歪め | ゆがめ | yugame |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 歪まれる | ゆがまれる | yugamareru |
Causative | 歪ませる 歪ます |
ゆがませる ゆがます |
yugamaseru yugamasu |
Potential | 歪める | ゆがめる | yugameru |
Volitional | 歪もう | ゆがもう | yugamō |
Negative | 歪まない | ゆがまない | yugamanai |
Negative continuative | 歪まず | ゆがまず | yugamazu |
Formal | 歪みます | ゆがみます | yugamimasu |
Perfective | 歪んだ | ゆがんだ | yuganda |
Conjunctive | 歪んで | ゆがんで | yugande |
Hypothetical conditional | 歪めば | ゆがめば | yugameba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 歪ま | ゆがま | yugama |
Continuative (連用形) | 歪み | ゆがみ | yugami |
Terminal (終止形) | 歪む | ゆがむ | yugamu |
Attributive (連体形) | 歪む | ゆがむ | yugamu |
Realis (已然形) | 歪め | ゆがめ | yugame |
Imperative (命令形) | 歪め | ゆがめ | yugame |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 歪まず | ゆがまず | yugamazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 歪めど | ゆがめど | yugamedo |
Causal conjunction | 歪めば | ゆがめば | yugameba |
Conditional conjunction | 歪まば | ゆがまば | yugamaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 歪みき | ゆがみき | yugamiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 歪みけり | ゆがみけり | yugamikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 歪みつ | ゆがみつ | yugamitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 歪みぬ | ゆがみぬ | yugaminu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 歪めり 歪みたり |
ゆがめり ゆがみたり |
yugameri yugamitari |
Volitional | 歪まむ | ゆがまむ | yugamamu |
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
歪 |
いが Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Phonetic alteration from ゆがむ (yugamu).[2]
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit歪む • (igamu) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 歪み (igami), past 歪んだ (iganda))
- (intransitive) to become bent or deformed:
- (transitive) to steal something
Usage notes
editThe ゆがむ (yugamu) reading is generally more common for the intransitive senses.
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 歪ま | いがま | igama |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 歪み | いがみ | igami |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 歪む | いがむ | igamu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 歪む | いがむ | igamu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 歪め | いがめ | igame |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 歪め | いがめ | igame |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 歪まれる | いがまれる | igamareru |
Causative | 歪ませる 歪ます |
いがませる いがます |
igamaseru igamasu |
Potential | 歪める | いがめる | igameru |
Volitional | 歪もう | いがもう | igamō |
Negative | 歪まない | いがまない | igamanai |
Negative continuative | 歪まず | いがまず | igamazu |
Formal | 歪みます | いがみます | igamimasu |
Perfective | 歪んだ | いがんだ | iganda |
Conjunctive | 歪んで | いがんで | igande |
Hypothetical conditional | 歪めば | いがめば | igameba |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Japanese terms spelled with 歪 read as ひず
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with づ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 歪 read as ゆが
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms spelled with 歪 read as いが