弓
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han characterEdit
弓 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓 (N), four-corner 17207, composition ⿱コ㇉)
- Kangxi radical #57, ⼸.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/弓
- 𭇂, 𡉖, 𫝳, 𢁠, 𢖸, 㧈, 𬇗, 杛, 𭨧, 𧘏, 𥸲, 𥾏, 𮓶, 𧢺, 躬, 䩑, 𩨙, 𩾫
- 𢀶, 矤, 𫾰, 𬶿, 𧱶, 𡗝, 宆, 𡰬, 芎, 𥝙, 穹, 𥫤, 𩁽, 𪎔, 𦦎, 夷, 粥, 䰜, 𠰀, 𤵶, 虇
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 356, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
- Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 987, character 11
- Unihan data for U+5F13
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
弓 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𭚥 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 弓 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
|
Pictogram (象形) – a bow.
EtymologyEdit
Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (“tree, branch, stem”) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင်း (kuing:, “to bend over; to be bent”), အကိုင်း (a.kuing:, “stalk; branch”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, “tree”), Jingpho kung (“to branch; to grow”), lakung (“branch; limb”), Lepcha [script needed] (kóng, “branch”), [script needed] (kúng, “tree”) (STEDT).
Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, “bent (in the middle)”), Mon ကိုၚ် (“to be bent”), Khmer កោង (kaong, “to bend; to be bent”), Khasi pyrkhung (“to bend; to arch”), Pear kuŋ (“bend”), Vietnamese cong (“to be bent, curved”).
Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (“arched; vaulted”)
Derivatives are 肱 (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and 穹 (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
弓
- bow (weapon) (Classifier: 張／张)
- bow (of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) (Classifier: 張／张)
- curved; arched
- to arch; to bend
- (Jiexi Hakka) rainbow
- (obsolete) Synonym of 步 (bù) (a traditional Chinese unit of length and area)
- a surname: Gong
SynonymsEdit
- (bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) 弓子 (gōngzi)
- (to arch): 彎曲／弯曲 (wānqū)
- (rainbow):
CompoundsEdit
|
See alsoEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きゆう (kyuu, historical)
- Kun: たらし (tarashi, 弓); ゆ (yu, 弓); ゆみ (yumi, 弓, Jōyō)
- Nanori: こ (ko); ゆ (yu)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弓 |
| ゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弓 |
| ゆみ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE). A surface analysis suggests a combination of Old Japanese yu (see above) + suffixing element mi, itself of uncertain derivation.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a bow:
- archery
- (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
- short for 破魔弓 (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
- a bow shape, a curve
- a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile
Coordinate termsEdit
- (archery): 仗 (tsue)/杖 (tsue): yumi stave; 弦 (tsuru): yumi bowstring; 矢 (ya): an arrow (鏃 (yajiri): arrowheads; 簳 (yagara): arrow-shafts; 羽 (hane): arrow-fletchings); 靫 (utsubo)): an quiver; 胸当て (muneate): kyudo plastron/chestguard; 弽 (yugake): kyudo gloves; 弩 (ishiyumi): a crossbow
Derived termsEdit
- 和弓 (wayumi, “Japanese bow/yumi”)
- 弓矢 (yumiya, “bow and arrow”)
- 大弓 (daikyū, “longbow”)
- 半弓 (hankyū, “shortbow”)
- 梓弓 (azusayumi, “a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa”)
- 破魔弓 (hamayumi, “a traditional Shintō ceremonial bow for dispelling evil”)
- 重籐弓 (shigedōyumi), 滋籐弓 (shigedō yumi), 繁籐弓 (shigedō yumi, “a rattan wood bow”)
See alsoEdit
- ロングボウ (rongubō, “longbow”)
Further readingEdit
弓_(武器) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja (archery)- Yumi (Japanese archery bow) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- 弓_(楽器) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja (music)
- Bow_(music) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弓 |
| たらし Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 取る (toru, “to take”) + す (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.[1][2]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弓 |
| きゅう Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 弓 (MC kɨuŋ).[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin 弓 (gōng).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (rare) a bow
- (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
- (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight 尺 (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters
Usage notesEdit
In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
the shape of the Hun bow
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
弓: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cong, củng
- a bow