See also: and
U+5F13, 弓
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F13

[U+5F12]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5F14]
U+2F38, ⼸
KANGXI RADICAL BOW

[U+2F37]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F39]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 57, +0, 3 strokes, cangjie input (N), four-corner 17207, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #57, .

Derived charactersEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 356, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
  • Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 987, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5F13

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𭚥

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形) – a bow.

EtymologyEdit

Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (tree, branch, stem) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင်း (kuing:, to bend over; to be bent), အကိုင်း (a.kuing:, stalk; branch), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, tree), Jingpho kung (to branch; to grow), lakung (branch; limb), Lepcha [script needed] (kóng, branch), [script needed] (kúng, tree) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, bent (in the middle)), Mon ကိုၚ် (to be bent), Khmer កោង (kaong, to bend; to be bent), Khasi pyrkhung (to bend; to arch), Pear kuŋ (bend), Vietnamese cong (to be bent, curved).

Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (arched; vaulted)

Derivatives are (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).

PronunciationEdit


Note:
  • keng - vernacular;
  • kiong - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /kuŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kuŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kuŋ²¹/
    Jinan /kuŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /kəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kuŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kuŋ²¹/
    Xining /kuə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kuŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kũn³¹/
    Ürümqi /kuŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /koŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /koŋ⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /koŋ⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /koŋ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /koŋ³¹/
    Hefei /kəŋ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kuəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /kuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /kũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /koŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /koŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /koŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /kuʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /kan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /koŋ³³/
    Xiangtan /kən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kuŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kiuŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kioŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /koŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /kuŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kuŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /kiŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kyŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /keŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /koŋ²³/
    /kiaŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (2)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter kjuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kɨuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kiuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kiuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kuwŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /kiuŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /kĭuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ki̯uŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiōng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gung1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    gōng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kjuwng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʷəŋ/
    English bow (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4079
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʷɯŋ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. bow (weapon) (Classifier: )
    2. bow (of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) (Classifier: )
    3. curved; arched
    4. to arch; to bend
    5. (Jiexi Hakka) rainbow
    6. (obsolete) Synonym of () (a traditional Chinese unit of length and area)
    7. a surname: Gong

    SynonymsEdit

    • (bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) 弓子 (gōngzi)
    • (to arch): 彎曲弯曲 (wānqū)
    • (rainbow):

    CompoundsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.[1][2]

    PronunciationEdit

    PrefixEdit

    () (yu-

    1. a bow, a bow shape
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    (yumi): Four different types of bow.
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    (yu, yumi, tarashi, kyū): Japanese bows, arrows, and arrow-stand.
     
    Yumi bow parts names
    Kanji in this term
    ゆみ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE). A surface analysis suggests a combination of Old Japanese yu (see above) + suffixing element mi, itself of uncertain derivation.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (ゆみ) (yumi

    1. a bow:
      1. (weaponry) a bow for shooting arrows
      2. (music) a bow for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello
    2. archery
    3. (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
    4. short for ()()(ゆみ) (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
    5. a bow shape, a curve
    6. a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile
    Coordinate termsEdit
    Derived termsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    Further readingEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    たらし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) of verb 取る (toru, to take) + (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.[1][2]

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (たらし) (tarashi

    1. (rare, honorific) an archery bow, particularly one belonging to a noble
    SynonymsEdit

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    きゅう
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC kɨuŋ).[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin (gōng).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (きゅう) (kyū

    1. (rare) a bow
    2. (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
    3. (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters
    Usage notesEdit

    In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.

    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

     

    the shape of the Hun bow

    HanjaEdit

    (eumhun (hwal gung))

    1. Hanja form? of (bow (for shooting arrows).

    CompoundsEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Nôm readings: cung, cong, củng

    1. a bow

    CompoundsEdit

    hình cung (形弓): an arc