監獄

See also: 监狱

Chinese edit

	supervisor; hard; strong supervisor; hard; strong; solid; firm; to supervise; to inspect; jail; prison	prison
trad. (監獄)	監	獄
simp. (监狱)	监	狱
anagram	獄監／狱监

Wikipedia has articles on:

監獄 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
監獄 (Cantonese)
kaⁿ-ga̍k (Southern Min)
监狱 (Wu)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānyù

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam¹ juk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâm-ngiu̍k
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kaⁿ-ga̍k / ka-ga̍k / kàm-ga̍k / kam-ga̍k
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹ke-gnioq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jianyù
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-yü⁴
  - Yale: jyān-yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianyuh
  - Palladius: цзяньюй (czjanʹjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaam¹ juk⁶
  - Yale: gāam yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam¹ juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam¹ yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm-ngiu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: gam´ ngiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gam¹ ngiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ-ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kann-ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kva'gak
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³ ɡak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ka-ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ka'gak
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm-ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kàm-ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karmgak
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam-ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kam-ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kamgak
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹ke-gnioq
  - MiniDict: ke^平 nyoh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ke-nyioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵⁵ n̠ʲioʔ²¹/

Noun edit

監獄

prison; jail (Classifier: 座 m c; 間／间 c)
他去監獄看望他爸爸。 [MSC, trad.]
他去监狱看望他爸爸。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā qù jiānyù kànwàng tā bàba. [Pinyin]
He visited his dad in prison.

Synonyms edit

囹圄 (língyǔ) (literary)
大牢 (dàláo) (archaic)
清室 (qīngshì) (archaic)
牢 (láo)
牢房 (láofáng)
牢獄／牢狱 (láoyù)
班房 (bānfáng) (colloquial)
監房／监房 (jiānfáng)
監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
鐵屋／铁屋 (tiěwū) (literary, figurative)

Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
Mandarin	Beijing	監獄, 班房兒, 泡兒局 dated
	Taiwan	監獄
	Tianjin	監獄
	Tangshan	監獄
	Cangzhou	監獄, 班房兒
	Baoding	監獄
	Shijiazhuang	監獄
	Chifeng	監獄
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	監獄, 笆籬子
	Harbin	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
	Shenyang	牢, 班房, 笆籬子
	Yantai (Muping)	監牢獄, 監獄
	Qingdao	監牢獄
	Jinan	監獄, 監牢獄, 監
	Luoyang	監, 牢
	Zhengzhou	監獄, 監, 牢
	Xi'an	監獄, 監, 牢
	Yinchuan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Lanzhou	監獄, 班房子, 班房
	Xining	牢, 班房
	Ürümqi	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
	Wuhan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Chengdu	牢, 班房
	Guiyang	監獄, 班房
	Kunming	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Guilin	監獄, 牢
	Liuzhou	監獄, 牢
	Xuzhou	監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
	Yangzhou	牢監, 牢, 班房
	Nanjing	牢
	Hefei	監獄
	Nantong	監牢, 牢
	Singapore	監牢
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	班房子, 獄監
Cantonese	Guangzhou	監倉
Cantonese	Hong Kong	監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
Gan	Nanchang	牢監, 班房
Gan	Pingxiang	班房
Hakka	Meixian	監房
	Yudu	班房
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	監獄
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	監獄仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	監獄
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	監獄
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	監獄
Huizhou	Jixi	監牢
Huizhou	Shexian	監牢, 牢
Jin	Taiyuan	牢, 班房
	Xinzhou	監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
	Linhe	監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
	Jining	班房
	Hohhot	監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
	Zhangjiakou	監獄, 牢
	Handan	監獄, 房子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	班房
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	監牢
Southern Min	Xiamen	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
	Quanzhou	監獄, 監牢
	Zhangzhou	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	監獄, 監牢
	Kaohsiung	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Yilan (Toucheng)	監獄
	Tainan	監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間, 內籬仔 GT
	Tainan (Anping)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penghu (Xiyu)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penang (Hokkien)	跤跔, 跤跔間
	Singapore (Hokkien)	監牢, 釘鏈間
	Manila (Hokkien)	跤跔, 監獄
	Shantou	監獄
	Singapore (Teochew)	釘鏈間, 監牢
	Leizhou	監倉
Wu	Shanghai	監牢, 牢監
	Shanghai (Chongming)	監牢
	Danyang	監牢
	Hangzhou	牢監
	Ningbo	牢監, 監牢
	Wenzhou	牢監, 班房
	Jinhua	監牢
Xiang	Loudi	班房, 籠子
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Derived terms edit

蹲監獄／蹲监狱 (dūn jiānyù)
軍事監獄／军事监狱 (jūnshì jiānyù)
黑監獄／黑监狱 (hēijiānyù)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (監獄):

→ Japanese: 監獄(かんごく) (kangoku)
→ Korean: 감옥(監獄) (gamok)
→ Vietnamese: giam ngục (監獄)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
監	獄
かん Grade: S	ごく Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) かんごく [kàńgókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

監(かん)獄(ごく) • (kangoku)

prison

Synonyms edit

牢(ろう)屋(や) (rōya), 牢(ろう) (rō)

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
監	獄

Noun edit

監獄 • (gamok) (hangeul 감옥)

Hanja form^? of 감옥 (“jail”).

Okinawan edit

Kanji in this term
監	獄
Grade: S	Grade: S

Etymology edit

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんぐく.^[1]

Noun edit

監獄(かんぐく) (kanguku)

prison
Synonyms: 牢 (るー, rū), 牢屋 (るーや, rūya)

References edit

^ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/28

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[OG-3] 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/28

[1]

[2]

[1]