自首

Chinese

		self	to plead guilty
simp. and trad. (自首)		自	首

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zìshǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄕㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ sau²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chīr-siú / chū-siú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁶ siu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zìshǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zìhshǒu
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-shou³
    • Yale: dz̀-shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhshoou
    • Palladius: цзышоу (czyšou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi⁶ sau²
    • Yale: jih sáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ sau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ seo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² sɐu̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-siú
    • Tâi-lô: tsīr-siú
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-siú
    • Tâi-lô: tsū-siú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuxsiuo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ siu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ze⁶ siu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ siú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ siu⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzijH syuwH

Rime
Character	自	首
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾二切	舒救切
Baxter	dzijH	syuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪH/	/ɕɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziH/	/ɕiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪH/	/ɕiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziH/	/ɕuwH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziH/	/ɕiuH/
Wang Li	/d͡ziH/	/ɕĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiH/	/ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì	shòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi6	sau3

Verb

自首

1. (law, intransitive) to turn oneself in; to give up; to surrender

Synonyms

• 出首 (chūshǒu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	首
じ Grade: 2	しゅ Grade: 2
goon

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 自首 (MC dzijH syuwH, literally “self + report to the authorities; plead guilty”). Borrowed into Old Japanese, where its first mention is in the Ritsuryō legal code of 718 CE.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じしゅ [jìshú] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) じ​しゅ [jíꜜshù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɕɨᵝ]

Noun

自(じ)首(しゅ) • (jishu) 

1. (of a criminal) surrender, the action of turning oneself in

   Synonym: 自訴 (jiso)

Verb

自(じ)首(しゅ)する • (jishu suru) suru (stem 自(じ)首(しゅ)し (jishu shi), past 自(じ)首(しゅ)した (jishu shita))

1. (of a criminal) to turn oneself in, to give up

   Synonym: 自訴する (jiso suru)

   その泥棒(どろぼう)は夕方(ゆうがた)のニュースで放送(ほうそう)された防犯(ぼうはん)カメラの映像(えいぞう)を見(み)て自首(じしゅ)した。

   Sono dorobō wa yūgata no nyūsu de hōsō sareta bōhan kamera no eizō o mite jishu shita.

   The thief turned himself in after he saw a video of himself stealing on the evening news.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "自首する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	自首し	じしゅし	jishu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	自首し	じしゅし	jishu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	自首する	じしゅする	jishu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	自首する	じしゅする	jishu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	自首すれ	じしゅすれ	jishu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	自首せよ¹ 自首しろ²	じしゅせよ¹ じしゅしろ²	jishu seyo¹ jishu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	自首される	じしゅされる	jishu sareru
Causative	自首させる 自首さす	じしゅさせる じしゅさす	jishu saseru jishu sasu
Potential	自首できる	じしゅできる	jishu dekiru
Volitional	自首しよう	じしゅしよう	jishu shiyō
Negative	自首しない	じしゅしない	jishu shinai
Negative continuative	自首せず	じしゅせず	jishu sezu
Formal	自首します	じしゅします	jishu shimasu
Perfective	自首した	じしゅした	jishu shita
Conjunctive	自首して	じしゅして	jishu shite
Hypothetical conditional	自首すれば	じしゅすれば	jishu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	首

Noun

自首 • (jasu) (hangeul 자수)

1. Hanja form^? of 자수 (“surrender”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自	首

Verb

自首

1. chữ Hán form of tự thú (“to admit wrongdoing”).