首
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
首 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻 or ⿱䒑自)
- Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.
Derived charactersEdit
Further readingEdit
- KangXi: page 1427, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
- Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4500, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9996
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
首 | |
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| alternative forms | 𩠐 𦣻 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 首 | |||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”) and possibly Burmese ရှု (hru., “to turn one's head toward, to view; to aim”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
首
- (archaic, anatomy) head
- 愛而不見，搔首踟躕。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Ài ér bù jiàn, sāo shǒu chíchú. [Pinyin]
- Loving and not seeing her, I scratch my head, and am in perplexity.
爱而不见，搔首踟蹰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- chief; leader
- start; beginning
- first; best; highest
- prime; prior; primary
- side; direction
- Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
SynonymsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
首
CompoundsEdit
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ReferencesEdit
- “首”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
- Kun: くび (kubi, 首, Jōyō); おびと (obito, 首); こうべ (kōbe, 首); しるし (shirushi, 首); つかさ (tsukasa, 首); かしら (kashira, 首); はじめ (hajime, 首め); もうす (mōsu, 首す)
- Nanori: おびと (obito); こべ (kobe); す (su)
CompoundsEdit
- 機首 (kishu)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 首 |
| くび Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
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| 頸 頚 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kumpi.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
- the neck and head as a whole
- dismissal from employment
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 首 |
| おびと Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Shift from Old Japanese 大人 (opobito, “boss, chief”, literally “big person”).[2][3]
/opobito/ → /obito/
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 首 |
| こうべ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Analyzed as a shift from earlier kamipe, as a compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).[2][3]
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/
NounEdit
- Alternative spelling of 頭 (“head”) (part of the body)
- 2021 September 10, Eve (lyrics and music), “遊生夢死 [Live Playing, Die Dreaming]”:
- 遊生夢死
才能ない脳内 唱えよシスターズ
首を垂れることしかないの- Yūsei bōshi
Sainō nai nōnai tonaeyo shisutāzu
Kōbe o tareru koto shika nai no - Live playing, die dreaming
Chant inside my talentless brain, sisters
All I can do is bow down
- Yūsei bōshi
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 首 |
| しゅ Grade: 2 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC ɕɨuX, ɕɨuH).
PronunciationEdit
CounterEdit
NounEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC ɕɨuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (syú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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