草原

ChineseEdit

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	plain
trad. (草原)		草	原
simp. ^#(草原)		草	原

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎoyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² jyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-ngièn / chhó-ngiàn
Min Nan (POJ): chháu-goân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoyuán
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-yüan²
  - Yale: tsǎu-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoyuan
  - Palladius: цаоюань (caojuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² jyun⁴
  - Yale: chóu yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: co` ngienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co³ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ ɲi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: co` ngianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co³ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ ɲi̯an¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-goân
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'goaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

NounEdit

草原

grassland; prairie; steppe; savanna
- 草原縱獵床頭臥　酒肆狂歌井底眠 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: 13th century, Il-yeon, Samguk yusa
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 青海的草原　一眼看不完 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  From: 1978, 費玉清 (Fei Yu-ching) (lyricist 劉家昌), 中華民國頌
  Qīnghǎi de cǎoyuán, yīyǎn kàn bù wán [Pinyin]
  The grasslands of Qinghai cannot be seen at a glance.

SynonymsEdit

edit

草地 (cǎodì)
草埔 (Min Nan)
乾草原／干草原 (gāncǎoyuán)

稀樹草原／稀树草原 (xīshù cǎoyuán) (savanna)
草場／草场 (cǎochǎng)
薩瓦納／萨瓦纳 (sàwǎnà) (savanna)

Derived termsEdit

草原三省 (Cǎoyuán sānshěng)

稀樹草原／稀树草原 (xīshù cǎoyuán)

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (草原):

→ Japanese: 草原(そうげん) (sōgen)
→ Korean: 초원 (草原, chowon)
→ Vietnamese: thảo nguyên (草原)

JapaneseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
草	原
そう Grade: 1	げん Grade: 2
on’yomi	kan’on

Might be a learned borrowing from Chinese 草原. Alternatively, it might be a reanalysis of 草原 (kusahara), applying the expected on'yomi to the spelling to imbue the term with a higher register.

First cited with this sōgen reading to a newspaper article published in 1871.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) そーげん [sòógéń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

NounEdit

草(そう)原(げん) • (sōgen) ^{←さうげん (saugen)^?}

[from 1871] grassland, meadow
- 2014 March 8, “ルイーズ (Ruīzu, “Louise”)”, in 決闘王の記憶－決闘者の王国編 (“Memories of the Duel King: Duelist Kingdom Arc”), Konami:
  
  体(からだ)は小(ちい)さいが、草(そう)原(げん)での守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)はかなり強(つよ)い。
  Karada wa chīsai ga, sōgen de no shubiryoku wa kanari tsuyoi.
  It may be small, but its defense strength is considerable in grasslands.
[after 1871] steppe, savanna, prairie

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
草	原
くさ Grade: 1	わら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
草	原
くさ Grade: 1	はら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 草 (kusa, “grass”) +‎ 原 (hara, “wild or uncultivated field, plain, flatland”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]

First cited with the kusahara reading to a text from the late 1500s.^[1]

Occasionally encountered with an alternative reading of kusawara.^[4]

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) くさはら [kùsáhárá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝsa̠ha̠ɾa̠]

(Tokyo) くさわら [kùsáwárá] (Heiban – [0])^[4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝsa̠ɰᵝa̠ɾa̠]

NounEdit

草(くさ)原(はら) or 草(くさ)原(わら) • (kusahara or kusawara)

[from late 1500s] grassland, meadow

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “草原”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
^ “草原”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

KoreanEdit

Hanja in this term
草	原

NounEdit

草原 • (chowon) (hangeul 초원)

Hanja form^? of 초원 (“grassland”).

VietnameseEdit

Hán tự in this term
草	原

NounEdit

草原

chữ Hán form of thảo nguyên (“grassland; steppe”).

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “草原”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DDJS-5] “草原”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[K-6] 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

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