草原

Chinese edit

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	plain
trad. (草原)		草	原
simp. ^#(草原)		草	原

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎoyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² jyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-ngièn / chhó-ngiàn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-goân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoyuán
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-yüan²
  - Yale: tsǎu-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoyuan
  - Palladius: цаоюань (caojuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² jyun⁴
  - Yale: chóu yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: co` ngienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co³ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: co` ngianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co³ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-goân
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'goaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

Noun edit

草原

grassland; prairie; steppe; savanna
- 草原縱獵床頭臥　酒肆狂歌井-底眠 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: 13th century, Il-yeon, Samguk yusa
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 青海的草原　一眼看不完 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  From: 1978, 費玉清 (Fei Yu-ching) (lyricist 劉家昌), 中華民國頌
  Qīnghǎi de cǎoyuán, yīyǎn kàn bù wán [Pinyin]
  The grasslands of Qinghai cannot be seen at a glance.

Synonyms edit

乾草原／干草原 (gāncǎoyuán)
稀樹草原／稀树草原 (xīshù cǎoyuán) (savanna)
草地 (cǎodì)
草埔 (Hokkien, Teochew)
草場／草场 (cǎochǎng)
草甸 (cǎodiàn)
薩瓦納／萨瓦纳 (sàwǎnà) (savanna)

Derived terms edit

大草原
稀樹草原／稀树草原 (xīshù cǎoyuán)
草原三省 (Cǎoyuán sānshěng)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (草原):

→ Japanese: 草原(そうげん) (sōgen)
→ Korean: 초원(草原) (chowon)
→ Vietnamese: thảo nguyên (草原)

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
草	原
そう Grade: 1	げん Grade: 2
on’yomi	kan’on

Might be a learned borrowing from Chinese 草原 (cǎoyuán). Alternatively, it might be a reanalysis of 草原 (kusahara), applying the expected on'yomi to the spelling to imbue the term with a higher register.

First cited with this sōgen reading to a newspaper article published in 1871.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) そーげん [sòógéń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun edit

草(そう)原(げん) • (sōgen) ^{←さうげん (saugen)^?}

[from 1871] grassland, meadow
- 2014 March 8, “ルイーズ (Ruīzu, “Louise”)”, in 決闘王の記憶－決闘者の王国編 (“Memories of the Duel King: Duelist Kingdom Arc”), Konami:
  
  体(からだ)は小(ちい)さいが、草(そう)原(げん)での守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)はかなり強(つよ)い。
  Karada wa chīsai ga, sōgen de no shubiryoku wa kanari tsuyoi.
  It may be small, but its defense strength is considerable in grasslands.
[after 1871] steppe, savanna, prairie

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
草	原
くさ Grade: 1	わら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
草	原
くさ Grade: 1	はら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 草 (kusa, “grass”) +‎ 原 (hara, “wild or uncultivated field, plain, flatland”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]

First cited with the kusahara reading to a text from the late 1500s.^[1]

Occasionally encountered with an alternative reading of kusawara.^[4]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) くさはら [kùsáhárá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝsa̠ha̠ɾa̠]

(Tokyo) くさわら [kùsáwárá] (Heiban – [0])^[4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝsa̠ɰᵝa̠ɾa̠]

Noun edit

草(くさ)原(はら) or 草(くさ)原(わら) • (kusahara or kusawara)

[from late 1500s] grassland, meadow

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “草原”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ “草原”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
草	原

Noun edit

草原 • (chowon) (hangeul 초원)

Hanja form^? of 초원 (“grassland”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
草	原

Noun edit

草原

chữ Hán form of thảo nguyên (“grassland; steppe”).

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “草原”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[DDJS-5] “草原”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[K-6] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

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