Wiktionary

原

See also: 厡
原 U+539F, 原
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-539F
← 厞
[U+539E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 厠 →
[U+53A0]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Stroke order
 

原 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一竹日火 (MHAF), four-corner 71296, composition ⿸厂⿱白小)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 162, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2973
  • Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 74, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+539F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 原
2nd round simp. 𰆖
alternative forms 厡
邍 “plain”
𠫐

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 原
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羱 *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲 *ɦŋʷaːn
謜 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓 *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原 *ŋʷan
源 *ŋʷan
厵 *ŋʷan
嫄 *ŋʷan
騵 *ŋʷan
榞 *ŋʷan
獂 *ŋʷan
蒝 *ŋʷan
願 *ŋʷans
傆 *ŋʷans
愿 *ŋʷans

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 泉 (“spring”) + 厂 (“cliff”) – a spring bursting from a cliff-side – origin.

Etymology edit

The sense “source, origin; basic, primary” is perhaps related to 元 (OC *ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”) (Qiu, 1988). According to Schuessler (2007), in Shijing 原 meant "a plain" as well as "highland", thus perhaps also related to 元 (OC *ŋon) (see also Qiu, 2000).

元 and 原 had been used interchangeably in the sense "origin" until 原 became favoured in the early Ming dynasty to avoid the name of the Yuan dynasty. Confer 元由, 元來／元来 and 元配.[1]

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • nguang5 - Shantou;
  • nguêng5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 原
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 愚袁切
Baxter ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuan/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiuɐn/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 原 原
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuán yuán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwon › ‹ ngjwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-ɢʷar/ /*N-ɢʷar/
English spring, source; origin high plain (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 原
Reading # 1/1
No. 16186
Phonetic
component 		原
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		元
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋʷan/
Notes 金文象泉源，爲源初文

Definitions edit

原

  1. meadow; field; plain; prairie; tundra; wilderness
  2. source; origin; beginning
  3. Original form of 源 (yuán, “fountainhead; source”).
  4. basic; fundamental
  5. original; primary
  6. originally; at the beginning
  7. to originate; to arise
  8. to trace the source; to probe into
  9. (literary, or in compounds) to forgive; to pardon
    原諒／原谅  ―  yuánliàng  ―  to forgive
    原宥  ―  yuányòu  ―  to forgive
    原情 [Hokkien]  ―  goân-chêng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to forgive
  10. a surname: Yuan

Synonyms edit

  • (originally):
  • (to forgive):

Compounds edit

References edit

  1. ^ 清·郝懿行《晉宋書故·元由》：“今人爲書元俱作原字……葢起於前明初造事涉元朝文字簿書率皆易元爲原沿至今日”

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

原

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
原
はら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, finished some time after 759 CE. Compare Korean 벌 (beol, “plain, field”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

原(はら) • (hara) 

  1. meadow, plain, field
Usage notes edit

Specifically refers to a field that is not cultivated.

Proper noun edit

原(はら) • (Hara) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
原
げん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon, “source; origin; beginning”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

原(げん) • (gen) 

  1. the original thing

Prefix edit

原(げん) • (gen-) 

  1. the original
    原(げん)文(ぶん)、原(げん)材料(ざいりょう)
    genbun, gen-zairyō
    original document, original / raw materials

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅯᆫ (Yale: ngwèn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 두던〮 (Yale: twùtén) 원 (Yale: wèn)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

原 (eumhun 언덕 원 (eondeok won))
原 (eumhun 근원 원 (geunwon won))

  1. Hanja form? of 원 (“meadow”).
  2. Hanja form? of 원 (“origin”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

原: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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