陽炎

Chinese

		positive (electric.); sun; male	flame; inflammation; ‑itis
trad. (陽炎)		陽	炎
simp. (阳炎)		阳	炎

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yángyán

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁴ jim⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yángyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yángyán
  - Wade–Giles: yang²-yen²
  - Yale: yáng-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yangyan
  - Palladius: янъянь (janʺjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    揚言／扬言
    陽炎／阳炎
    佯言
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joeng⁴ jim⁴
  - Yale: yèuhng yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁴ jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁴ yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²¹ jiːm²¹/

Noun

陽炎

dazzling sunlight, glare of sunlight

Japanese

FWOTD – 18 October 2015

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
陽	炎
Grade: 3	Grade: S
irregular

*/kaɡerʷo pʷi/ → /kaɡirohi/ → /kaɡiroi/

Originally a compound of かげる (kageru, “to shine, to shimmer”, obsolete, only found in compounds; cognate with 影 kage, “shadow”, and with the kaga element in 炫 kaga, kagaya, “shining, shimmering”; 輝く kagayaku, “to shine, to sparkle”) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire, flame”).^[1] In non-final position, /e/ raises to /i/ in Japanese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かぎろい [kàgíróí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡʲiɾo̞i]

Noun

陽炎(かぎろい) • (kagiroi) ^{←かぎろひ (kagirofi)^?}

(archaic) heat shimmer, heat haze
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 1835:
  , text here:
  今更雪零目八方蜻火之燎留春部常成西物乎
  
  今さらに雪降らめやも かぎろひの燃ゆる春へとなりにしものを
  いまさらにゆきふらめやも かぎろひのもゆるはるへとなりにしものを
  
  Ima sara ni / yuki furame ya mo / kagirohi no / moyuru haru he to / narinishi mono wo
  And now already, when snow shall not fall, it has become the springtime with its smouldering heat haze
(archaic) the glow of dawn
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 48:
  , text here:
  東野炎立所見而反見為者月西渡
  
  東の野にかぎろひの立つ見えてかへり見すれば月かたぶきぬ
  ひむがしののにかぎろひのたつみえてかへりみすればつきかたぶきぬ
  
  Himugashi no / no ni kagirohi no / tatsu miete / kaherimi sureba / tsuki katabukinu
  In the field of the east, the start of the dawn's glow can be seen, and looking back the other way, the moon has begun to set

Usage notes

In general use, this term has been replaced by the modern form kagerō below.

Used in poetry and formal writing as a 枕詞 (makura kotoba), a kind of epithet, to precede certain terms.

陽炎の春 (kagiroi no haru): “heat-hazy spring” → introduces the idea of springtime, from the way that fields often shimmer in the heat of a sunny spring day.
陽炎の心燃ゆ (kagiroi no kokoro-moyu): “heat-hazy heart-burning” → in reference to the heat of one's passion (note that this is not heartburn in the English term's sense of indigestion).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
陽	炎
Grade: 3	Grade: S
irregular

/kaɡiroi/ → /kaɡeroi/

Traditionally described as a shift in pronunciation from kagiroi above.^[1] However, this might be the original form.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かげろい [kàgéróí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞i]

Noun

陽炎(かげろい) • (kageroi) ^{←かげろひ (kagerofi)^?}

(archaic) heat shimmer, heat haze

Usage notes

In general use, this term has been replaced by the modern form kagerō below.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
陽	炎
Grade: 3	Grade: S
irregular

/kaɡeroi/ → /kaɡerou/ → /kaɡeroː/

Shift in pronunciation from kageroi above, via vowel backing and raising of /fi/ > */fo/ > /fu/, remniscent of 火 (ho-, “fire”) and Eastern Old Japanese 火 (pu, “fire”).^[1] This is the most common reading.

Starting from the Heian period, used in poetry to allude to something indistinct, or something that might not be there; compare use of the English term mirage.

Associated with the season of spring.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéꜜròò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéróó] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞ː]

Noun

陽炎(かげろう) or 陽炎(カゲロウ) • (kagerō)

heat shimmer, heat haze
(by extension) ephemerality

Idioms

陽炎(かげろう)稲妻(いなずま)水(みず)の月(つき) (kagerō inazuma mizu no tsuki): “heat haze, lightning, the moon [reflected] in water” → a metaphor for something unobtainable; compare pie in the sky

Usage notes

This kagerō form is the modern reading.

Used in writing as a 枕詞 (makura kotoba), a kind of epithet, to precede certain terms.

陽炎の小野 (kagerō no Ono): “heat-hazy Ono” → introduces places called Ono (literally “small field”), from the way that fields often shimmer in the heat of a sunny day.
陽炎の石 (kagerō no ishi): “heat-hazy stones” → in reference to a place with exposed stone, such as a stone wall, boulders, or a riverbed.

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
陽	炎
よう Grade: 3	えん Grade: S
on'yomi

/jauen/ → /jɔːen/ → /joːen/

From Middle Chinese compound 陽炎／阳炎 (yang hjem, literally “sun + burn, blazing”). Compare modern Mandarin 陽炎／阳炎 (yángyán, “sun glare”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よーえん [yòóéń] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ːẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

陽(よう)炎(えん) • (yōen) ^{←やうえん (yauen)^?}

heat shimmer, heat haze

Usage notes

Less common than the kagerō reading above.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
陽	炎

Noun

陽炎 • (yang'yeom) (hangeul 양염)

hanja form^? of 양염 (“heat haze; waves of heat; heat waves; (a veil of) heat shimmer; shimmering of heated air”)

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]