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石

石 U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3
← 矲
[U+77F2]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 矴 →
[U+77F4]
See also: 右 and 磊

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

 
See images of
Radical 112 石

石 (radical 112 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition ⿸丆口)

  1. Kangxi radical #112, ⽯ (“stone”).

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 石

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 石
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
柘 *tjaɡs
妬 *taːɡs
蠹 *taːɡs
沰 *taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ
拓 *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ
橐 *tʰaːɡ
袥 *tʰaːɡ
驝 *tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ
斫 *tjaɡ
磭 *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̥ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔 *rtaːɡ
跖 *tjaɡ
石 *djaɡ
碩 *djaɡ
祏 *djaɡ
鉐 *djaɡ
鼫 *djaɡ

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
Note:
  • chio̍h - vernacular;
  • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
  • se̍k/si̍t/sia̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 石
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚⁵/
/t͡sioʔ⁵/
/sia²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sek̚⁵/
/t͡sio³³/
Rime
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 常隻切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shí
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
No. 11470
Phonetic
component		 石
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 石
Old
Chinese		 /*djaɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

石

  1. stone; rock

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 石

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

石

  1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

石

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
石
いし
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “a pebble; gravel; a rocky beach”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

石 (hiragana いし, rōmaji ishi)

  1. stone
  2. (slang, electronics) transistor

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

石 (hiragana こく, rōmaji koku)

  1. koku (traditional Japanese unit of volume, approx. 180 litres)
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

CounterEdit

石 (hiragana せき, rōmaji -seki)

  1. (slang, electronics) transistor, especially discrete ones
    六 (ろく)石 (せき)ラジオ
    rokuseki rajio
    six-transistor radio

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

石 • (seok)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 석 (revised: seok, McCune-Reischauer: sŏk, Yale: sek)
    • Name (hangeul): 돌
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

石 (thạch, đán)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

YonaguniEdit

KanjiEdit

石 (hiragana いち, romaji ichi)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with mainland Japanese 石 (ishi).

NounEdit

石 (hiragana いち, romaji ichi)

  1. stone
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