石

See also: 右 and 磊

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

石 (radical 112 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿸丆口)

Derived termsEdit

• 磊 (lěi)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 827, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
• Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2416, character 1
• Unihan data for U+77F3

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		石

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 石
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí (shi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k
• Min Dong (BUC): siŏh / sĭk
• Min Nan (POJ): chio̍h / sia̍h / se̍k
• Wu (Wiktionary): zaq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Wade-Giles: shih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sek⁶
    • Yale: sehk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: sag
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sag⁶
    • IPA: /sak̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh / sĭk
    • IPA ^(key): /suoʔ⁵/, /siʔ⁵⁵/
    • Note: siŏh - vernacular; sĭk - literary.
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h / sia̍h / se̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tsio̍h / sia̍h / si̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cioih, siah, sek
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕioʔ⁴/, /ɕiaʔ⁴/, /ɕiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɤʔ¹²¹/, /ɕiaʔ¹²¹/, /ɕiɪk̚¹²¹/
    • Note: chio̍h, sia̍h - vernacular; se̍k - literary.
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: zaq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /z̻ᴀʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 石
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʃz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/zei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕi²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɑʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sak̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɛk̚²/
	Nanning	/sɛk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɛk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sik̚⁵/ /t͡sioʔ⁵/ /sia²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/suoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡siɔ⁴⁴/ /si⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sioʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sek̚⁵/ /t͡sio³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/▼

Rime
Character	石
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	常隻切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*dAk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	石
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*dAk/
English	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	石
Reading #	1/1
No.	11470
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	石
Old Chinese	/*djaɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

石

1. stone; rock

CompoundsEdit

• 吐酒石
• 白信石
• 皂石 (zàoshí)
• 石化 (shíhuà)
• 石器時代／石器时代 (Shíqì Shídài)
• 石墨 (shímò)
• 石子兒／石子儿 (shízǐr)
• 石斑魚／石斑鱼 (shíbānyú)
• 石料 (shíliào)
• 石板
• 石柱 (shízhù)

• 石榴 (shíliú)
• 石沉大海
• 石油 (shíyóu)
• 石灰 (shíhuī)
• 石版
• 石版畫／石版画
• 石破天驚／石破天惊 (shí pò tiān jīng)
• 石窟 (shíkū)
• 石筆／石笔
• 石筍／石笋
• 石綠／石绿

• 石膏 (shígāo)
• 石英 (shíyīng)
• 石英鐘／石英钟
• 石蕊
• 石鐘乳／石钟乳
• 石青
• 石頭／石头 (shítou)
• 紅信石／红信石
• 補腎石／补肾石
• 陽起石／阳起石 (yángqǐshí)
• 魔法石

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daam³
• Wu (Wiktionary): te (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: dàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: tan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
    • IPA ^(key): /ta̠n⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: daam³
    • Yale: daam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daam³
    • IPA ^(key): /tɑːm³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: te (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /tᴇ³⁴/

DefinitionsEdit

石

1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

石

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: じゃく (jaku)
• Kan’on: せき (seki)
• Kan’yōon: こく (koku), しゃく (shaku)
• Kun: いし (ishi)
• Nanori: せっく (sekku), し (shi), いわ (iwa), いす (isu), いさ isa, と (to)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

石室 (いしむろ) ‎(ishimuro): a stone hut 懐石 (かいせき) ‎(kaiseki): a simple meal eaten before tea is served 化石 (かせき) ‎(kaseki): a fossil, fossil remains; petrifaction, fossilisation 岩石 (がんせき) ‎(ganseki): rock (natural mineral aggregate) 奇石 (きせき) ‎(kiseki): rare stone; precious gem 輝石 (きせき) ‎(kiseki): (mineralogy) pyroxene, augite 金剛石 (こんごうせき) ‎(kongōseki): diamond 歯石 (しせき) ‎(shiseki): dental calculus (tartar) 硝石 (しょうせき) ‎(shōseki): saltpetre 聖石 (せいせき) ‎(seiseki): a holy stone, rock or mineral 石英 (せきえい) ‎(sekiei): quartz; crystal 石菖 (せきしょう) ‎(sekishō): (flower) Japanese sweet flag 石製 (せきせい) ‎(sekisei): stonen 石炭 (せきたん) ‎(sekitan): coal 石板 (せきばん) ‎(sekiban): a slate 石版 (せきばん) ‎(sekiban): a lithograph 石盤 (せきばん) ‎(sekiban): a slate 石油 (せきゆ) ‎(sekiyu): oil, petroleum 石灰 (せっかい) ‎(sekkai): lime (mineral), quicklime, caustic lime 石棺 (せっかん) ‎(sekkan): a sarcophagus; a stone coffin 胆石 (たんせき) ‎(tanseki): gallstones 宝石 (ほうせき) ‎(hōseki): gemstone 木石 (ぼくせき) ‎(bokuseki): (scenery) trees and stones

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
石
いし Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Likely cognate with 磯 ‎(iso, “a pebble; gravel; a rocky beach”).

PronunciationEdit

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) いし​ [ìshíꜜ] (Odaka - [2])
• IPA^(key): [iɕi]

NounEdit

石 ‎(hiragana いし, romaji ishi)

1. stone

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

石 • ‎(seok)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 석 (revised: seok, McCune-Reischauer: sŏk, Yale: sek)

• Name (hangeul): 돌()

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

石 (thạch, đán)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.