石
See also: 右
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
石 (radical 112, 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition ⿸丆口)
- Kangxi radical #112, ⽯.
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 827, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
- Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
- Unihan data for U+77F3
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
石 | |
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Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 石 | ||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.
Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.
Etymology 1Edit
Etymology not certain. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“stone”) and Khmer ដា (daa, “rock; stone”) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
石
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 石
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DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
石
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
石
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: じゃく (jaku)←じやく (zyaku, historical)
- Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: こく (koku, Jōyō †); しゃく (shaku, Jōyō †)←しやく (syaku, historical)
- Kun: いし (ishi, 石, Jōyō); いわ (iwa)←いは (ifa, historical)
- Nanori: あつ (atsu); いさ (isa); いす (isu); いそ (iso); かた (kata); し (shi); せっく (sekku); と (to)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 石南花, 石楠花 (shakunage)
- 石英 (sekiei, “quartz; crystal”)
- 石菖 (sekishō, “Japanese sweet flag”)
- 石製 (sekisei, “stonen”)
- 石炭 (sekitan, “coal”)
- 石板 (sekiban, “slate”)
- 石版 (sekiban, “lithograph”)
- 石盤 (sekiban, “slate”)
- 石油 (sekiyu, “oil, petroleum”)
- 石灰 (sekkai, “lime (mineral), quicklime, caustic lime”)
- 石棺 (sekkan, “sarcophagus; stone coffin”)
- 懐石 (kaiseki, “simple meal eaten before tea is served”)
- 化石 (kaseki, “fossil, fossil remains; petrifaction, fossilisation”)
- 岩石 (ganseki, “rock”)
- 奇石 (kiseki, “rare stone; precious gem”)
- 輝石 (kiseki, “pyroxene, augite”)
- 金剛石 (kongōseki, “diamond”)
- 歯石 (shiseki, “dental calculus, tartar”)
- 硝石 (shōseki, “saltpetre”)
- 聖石 (seiseki, “holy stone, rock or mineral”)
- 胆石 (tanseki, “gallstones”)
- 宝石 (hōseki, “gemstone”)
- 木石 (bokuseki, “trees and stones”)
- 石蓴 (aosa, “sea lettuce”)
- 石見 (Iwami)
- 流石 (sasuga)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 石 |
| いし Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨isi⟩ → */ɨsi/ → /iɕi/
From Old Japanese.[1]
Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “pebble; gravel; rocky beach”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a stone
- 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
- 体が石のように堅い毛で覆われており、守りがかたい。
- Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
- With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defense is solid.
- 体が石のように堅い毛で覆われており、守りがかたい。
- (slang, electronics) a transistor
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 石 |
| こく Grade: 1 |
| kan’yōon |
From Middle Chinese 斛 (MC ɦuk̚).
The 石 spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
- a unit of quantity for 鮭 (sake, “salmon”) and 鱒 (masu, “trout”); one koku is equal to 40 salmons or 60 trouts
Derived termsEdit
- 石高 (kokudaka)
DescendantsEdit
- → English: koku
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 石 |
| せき Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 石 (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚).
PronunciationEdit
CounterEdit
- counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
- (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
- 六石ラジオ
- rokuseki rajio
- six-transistor radio
- 六石ラジオ
NounEdit
- Same as こく (koku) above
AffixEdit
- stone
- needle made of stone
- go stone
- something solid but worthless
- Short for 石見国 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
KunigamiEdit
KanjiEdit
石
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
MiyakoEdit
KanjiEdit
石
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “イス” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Miyako Dialect Dictionary.
- “いす” in Celik Kenan Thibault, Online Miyako Dictionary, 2016.
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
石
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “イシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
Old JapaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with 磯 (iso1, “pebble; gravel; rocky beach”).
NounEdit
石 (isi) (kana いし)
- a stone
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869), text here
- 多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯伊志遠多礼美吉
- tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with 阿由都流等 (ayu turu to2, “catching sweetfishes”)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869), text here
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 石 (ishi)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
石: Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
石: Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]
ReferencesEdit
YaeyamaEdit
KanjiEdit
石
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
YonaguniEdit
KanjiEdit
石
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.