See also:
U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3

[U+77F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77F4]
U+2F6F, ⽯
KANGXI RADICAL STONE

[U+2F6E]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F70]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 112, +0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #112, .

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (). The cliff was subsequently distorted into .

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1Edit

Unknown. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (stone) (whence Vietnamese đá) and Khmer ដា (daa, rock; stone) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.

PronunciationEdit


Note: sek6-2 - "gem, jewel, jade".
Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • chio̍h - vernacular (incl. surname);
    • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
    • se̍k/si̍t/se̍t/sia̍k - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ⁴/, /t͡sioʔ⁴/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/
    Note:
    • ziêh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Chaozhou);
    • zioh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang);
    • sig8 - literary (Chaozhou);
    • sêg8 - literary (Jieyang);
    • siêh8 - only in 石榴 (Chaozhou);
    • sioh8 - only in 石榴 (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zaʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
    Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
    Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚⁵/
    /t͡sioʔ⁵/
    /sia²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
    /si⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sek̚⁵/
    /t͡sio³³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (25)
    Final () (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter dzyek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /d͡ʑiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡ʑiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /d͡ʑiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʑiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ʑĭɛk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʑi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sik6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shí
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dzyek ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*dAk/
    English stone

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11470
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*djaɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. stone; rock (Classifier: c;  c)
    2. (Cantonese) gem; jewel; jade
    3. a surname
        ―  Shí Yáng  ―  Shih Yang (a pirate leader who terrorized the China Seas during the early 19th century)
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (せき) (seki)
    • Korean: 석(石) (seok)
    • Vietnamese: thạch ()

    (Others)

    • Tocharian B: cāk

    Etymology 2Edit

    From (dàn) (Qiu, 1988).

    PronunciationEdit


    DefinitionsEdit

    1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

    CompoundsEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    いし
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨isi⟩/iɕi/

    From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *esi.

    Likely cognate with (iso, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (いし) (ishi

    1. a stone
      • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
        (からだ)(いし)のように(かた)()(おお)われており、(まも)りがかたい。
        Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
        With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
    2. (slang, electronics) a transistor
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    こく
    Grade: 1
    kan’yōon

    From Middle Chinese (MC ɦuk̚).

    The spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (こく) (koku

    1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
      1. for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres
      2. (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres
      3. for 和船 (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres
    2. a unit of quantity for (sake, salmon) and (masu, trout); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
    Derived termsEdit
    DescendantsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    せき
    Grade: 1
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚).

    PronunciationEdit

    CounterEdit

    (せき) (-seki

    1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
    2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
      (ろく)(せき)ラジオ
      rokuseki rajio
      six-transistor radio

    NounEdit

    (せき) (seki

    1. Same as こく (koku) above

    AffixEdit

    (せき) (seki

    1. stone
    2. needle made of stone
    3. go stone
    4. something solid but worthless
    5. Short for 石見 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province

    ReferencesEdit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) 셕〮 (Yale: syék)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (dol seok))

    1. Hanja form? of (stone).

    CompoundsEdit

    KunigamiEdit

    KanjiEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (hiragana しー, romaji shī)

    1. stone

    MiyakoEdit

    KanjiEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (hiragana いす, romaji isu)

    1. stone

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (いし) (ishi

    1. stone

    Old JapaneseEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with (iso1, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

    NounEdit

    (isi) (kana いし)

    1. a stone
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 869), text here
        多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯伊志遠多礼美吉
        tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
        [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with 阿由都流等 (ayu turu to2, catching sweetfishes)

    Derived termsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    • Japanese: (ishi)

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
    : Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of thạch (stone).

    ReferencesEdit

    YaeyamaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (いしぃ) (isï

    1. stone

    YonaguniEdit

    KanjiEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (hiragana いち, romaji ichi)

    1. stone

    ReferencesEdit

    • いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.