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Wiktionary

石

See also: 右
石 U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3
← 矲
[U+77F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矴 →
[U+77F4]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 112 石

石 (radical 112, 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition ⿸丆口)

  1. Kangxi radical #112, ⽯.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 石

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 石
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
柘 *tjaɡs
妬 *taːɡs
蠹 *taːɡs
沰 *taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ
拓 *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ
橐 *tʰaːɡ
袥 *tʰaːɡ
驝 *tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ
斫 *tjaɡ
磭 *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔 *rtaːɡ
跖 *tjaɡ
石 *djaɡ
碩 *djaɡ
祏 *djaɡ
鉐 *djaɡ
鼫 *djaɡ

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chio̍h - vernacular;
    • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
    • se̍k/si̍t/sia̍k - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 石
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
    Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
    Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚⁵/
    /t͡sioʔ⁵/
    /sia²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
    /si⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sek̚⁵/
    /t͡sio³³/
    Rime
    Character 石
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 昔 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 常隻切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shí
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 石
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyek ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*dAk/
    English stone

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 石
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11470
    Phonetic
    component         		石
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		石
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djaɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    石

    1. stone; rock

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 石

    Etymology 2Edit

    From 擔／担 (dàn) (Qiu, 1988).

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    石

    1. † a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

    CompoundsEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    石

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    石
    いし
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.[1] Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “a pebble; gravel; a rocky beach”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana いし, rōmaji ishi)

    1. stone
      • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2 (in Japanese), Konami:
        体 (からだ)が石 (いし)のように堅 (かた)い毛 (け)で覆 (おお)われており、守 (まも)りがかたい。
        Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
        With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defense is solid.
    2. (slang, electronics) transistor

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    石
    こく
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    From Middle Chinese 斛 (MC ɦuk̚). The 石 spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana こく, rōmaji koku)

    1. koku (traditional Japanese unit of volume, approx. 180 litres)
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    石
    せき
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 石 (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚).

    PronunciationEdit

    CounterEdit

    石 (hiragana せき, rōmaji -seki)

    1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
    2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
      六 (ろく)石 (せき)ラジオ
      rokuseki rajio
      six-transistor radio

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana せき, rōmaji seki)

    1. alternative form of koku above: seki (traditional Japanese unit of volume, approx. 180 litres)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    石 (eumhun 돌 석 (dol seok))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    KunigamiEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

    KanjiEdit

    石

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana しー, romaji shii)

    1. stone

    MiyakoEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

    KanjiEdit

    石

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana いす, romaji isu)

    1. stone

    OkinawanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

    KanjiEdit

    石

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana いし, romaji ishi)

    1. stone

    VietnameseEdit

    YaeyamaEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

    KanjiEdit

    石

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana いしぃ, romaji isï)

    1. stone

    YonaguniEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

    KanjiEdit

    石

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    石 (hiragana いち, romaji ichi)

    1. stone
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