U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B

[U+706A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+706C]
U+2F55, ⽕
KANGXI RADICAL FIRE

[U+2F54]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F56]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Alternative forms edit

  • (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character edit

Stroke order
 

(Kangxi radical 86, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿻⿰丿丿(GJKV) or (HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #86, .

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology edit

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • huōi - colloquial;
  • huō - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • hé/hér/hóe - vernacular;
    • hóⁿ - literary.
    Note:
    • hue2 - vernacular;
    • ho2 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (95)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter xwaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /huɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /huɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xuɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hwaX/
    Li
    Rong
    /xuɑX/
    Wang
    Li
    /xuɑX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xuɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huǒ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fo2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huǒ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xwaX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
    English fire

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5540
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰʷaːlʔ/

    Definitions edit

    1. fire; flame
      可以一個 [MSC, trad.]
      可以一个 [MSC, simp.]
      Kěyǐ gēn nǐ jiè yīge huǒ ma? [Pinyin]
      Can I borrow a light?
    2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
    3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
    4. to burn down
    5. light; torch
    6. (dialectal) light; lamp
    7. anger; rage; wrath
    8. to become enraged
    9. angry; furious
    10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
        ―  shànghuǒ  ―  inflammation
    11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
    12. war; warfare
    13. thriving; brisk
    14. urgent; pressing
    15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
    16. (neologism) to be popular; to be viral
        ―  cǐ tiě bì huǒ  ―  This post will definitely go viral
    17. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
      Definitely, "火" here is a unit of brightness (luminous intensity). However, the brightness of a luminous device is measured in watts in life because of luminous intensity's dependence on power, which resulted in it being bonded to watt, the unit of power.
      20燈膽20灯胆 [Cantonese]  ―  20 fo2 ge3 dang1 daam2 [Jyutping]  ―  20-watt lightbulb
    18. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).
    19. (Cantonese) roasted
      Synonyms: (kǎo), (shāo)
      [Cantonese]  ―  fo2 aap3 [Jyutping]  ―  roasted duck

    Synonyms edit

    • (internal heat (traditional Chinese medicine)):

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ka)
    • Korean: 화(火) (hwa)
    • Vietnamese: hoả ()

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    (hi, ho, ka): fire.
    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨pi2 → */pʷɨ//ɸi//hi/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare (ki, ko-, tree).

    Alternative forms edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (hi

    1. a fire:
      1. a flame
        Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), (honō)
      2. cooking fire
      3. a firestarter
      4. sparks
      5. light (matches or lighter)
        ()()してもらえる?
        Hi o kashite moraeru?
        Can I borrow a light?
      6. heat
        Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), (netsu)
      7. a conflagration
        Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
      8. a signal fire
        Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
    2. (by extension) a light
    3. a burning passion
    4. menstruation
      Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
    Derived terms edit
    Idioms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po//ɸo//ho/

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean (bul, fire).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (ho

    1. a fire
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 3 edit

     
    (ka): fire in the Wu Xing system
     
    (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation
    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    /kwa//ka/

    From Middle Chinese (MC xwaX).[1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. a fire
    2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see   Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    3. (historical) under the old 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
      Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)
    4. Short for 火曜日 (kayōbi): Tuesday
    Derived terms edit

    Affix edit

    () (kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. fire
    2. light
    3. burning
    4. passion
    5. imminently
    6. explosive

    Proper noun edit

    () (Kaくわ (kwa)?

    1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
      Synonyms: アンタレス (Antaresu), 大火 (Taika)

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC xwaX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황〯 (Yale: hwǎ)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 블〮 (Yale: púl) 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ)

    Pronunciation edit

    • (in ⦃⦃ko-l¦화요¦火曜⦄⦄):
    • (fire; anger; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (bul hwa))

    1. Hanja form? of (fire; heat). [affix]
    2. Hanja form? of (anger). [noun]
    3. Hanja form? of ((as an abbreviation) Mars).
    4. Hanja form? of (Short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, Tuesday).).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Old Japanese edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Proto-Japonic *poy.

    Apophonic form of po1 (see below).

    Compare the development of (ki2, ko2-, tree).

    Noun edit

    (pi2) (kana )

    1. a fire
    2. (by extension) a light
    Derived terms edit
    Descendants edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Combining form of pi2 above, probably the older form.

    Noun edit

    (po1 → po) (kana )

    1. a fire
    Derived terms edit
    Descendants edit
    • Japanese: (ho)

    Etymology 3 edit

    Appears in only one poem in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as a compound, see derived term 葦火 (asipu).

    According to Vovin (2011) p. 222, this is the vowel raising of the nucleus of Proto-Japonic *poy to *puy, followed by deletion of the *-y consonant.

    Noun edit

    (pu) (kana )

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire
    Derived terms edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: hỏa/hoả[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: hỏa/hoả[2][3][4][5], ỏa/oả[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoả (fire).

    Compounds edit

    References edit