面臨

See also: 面临

Chinese

		face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top	to face; to overlook; to arrive to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before
trad. (面臨)		面	臨
simp. (面临)		面	临

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miànlín

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁶ lam⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mien-lìm
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): biān-lîm / bīn-lîm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ming⁷ lim⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miànlín
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miànlín
    • Wade–Giles: mien⁴-lin²
    • Yale: myàn-lín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miannlin
    • Palladius: мяньлинь (mjanʹlinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: min⁶ lam⁴
    • Yale: mihn làhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁶ lam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁶ lem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn²² lɐm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien-lìm
    • Hakka Romanization System: mien limˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mian⁴ lim²
    • Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵ lim¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān-lîm
    • Tâi-lô: biān-lîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biexnliim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn³³⁻²¹ lim²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-lîm
    • Tâi-lô: bīn-lîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bixnliim
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ming⁷ lim⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mīng lîm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹¹ lim⁵⁵/

Verb

面臨

1. to face; to be faced with; to be confronted with

   面臨失業／面临失业  ―  miànlín shīyè  ―  to face unemployment

   面臨處罰／面临处罚  ―  miànlín chǔfá  ―  to face penalties

   水土流失是這個地區農業生產面臨的一個主要問題。 [MSC, trad.]
   水土流失是这个地区农业生产面临的一个主要问题。 [MSC, simp.]

   Shuǐtǔ liúshī shì zhège dìqū nóngyè shēngchǎn miànlín de yī gè zhǔyào wèntí. [Pinyin]

   Erosion is a major issue faced by agricultural production in this region.

Synonyms

• 朝向 (cháoxiàng)
• 正視／正视 (zhèngshì)
• 瀕臨／濒临 (bīnlín)
• 直視／直视 (zhíshì)
• 直面 (zhímiàn)
• 迎
• 面向 (miànxiàng)
• 面對／面对 (miànduì)