Wiktionary

ja

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ja"

TranslingualEdit

SymbolEdit

ja

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Japanese.

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yea.

Alternative formsEdit

AdverbEdit

ja (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly South Africa, informal) yes
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja).

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

ja (plural jas or ja)

  1. (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch ja.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /jaː/
  • Audio(file)

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

DescendantsEdit

  • → English: ja
  • → Portuguese: iá, yá, ya

Alemannic GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. (Uri) yes

ReferencesEdit

AssanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaʒ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first-person singular subjective)

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

Atong (India)Edit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Garo ja (“moon, month”).

NounEdit

ja

  1. month
  2. moon

ReferencesEdit

BavarianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with German ja.

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes
    Antonym: naa

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin iam.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. already, (in negative sentences) any more
  2. now, immediately, at once

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “ja” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Central MelanauEdit

Central Melanau cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ja

Alternative formsEdit

NumeralEdit

ja

  1. one

SynonymsEdit

CimbrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-West Germanic *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, English yea.

ParticleEdit

ja

  1. (Sette Comuni) yes

ReferencesEdit

  • “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já (“yes”).

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

NounEdit

ja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)

  1. yes

InflectionEdit

Declension of ja
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ja jaet jaer jaerne
genitive jas jaets jaers jaernes

DimasaEdit

NounEdit

já

  1. foot

Derived termsEdit

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes
    Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
    Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

ja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)

  1. yes
    Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
    A yes you can get, a no you already have.
    Het begon met een ja...
    It began with a yes...

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes!
    "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
    Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.
    Synonym: yes
  2. (Suriname, informal, colloquial) A casual greeting acknowledging the presence of a person, chiefly someone the speaker is not acquainted with or is not friends with; hey, hi, what's up
  3. (Suriname, informal, colloquial) Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly.

DescendantsEdit

  • Afrikaans: ja
  • Indonesian: ya
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: ja
  • Jersey Dutch: jâ
  • Negerhollands: ja, ju
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ja
  • → Saramaccan: jahái, jaái

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from German ja. Compare Polish jo, Yiddish יאָ‎ (yo), English yea. Related to jes.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. indeed
    • 2015, Kalle Kniivilä, “Sopiro al Sovetio [Yearning for the Soviet Union]”, in Krimeo estas nia [Crimea is ours]:
      Sed la bona soveta tempo neniam revenos. Ĝi ja neniam ekzistis.
      But the good Soviet times will never return, because they never existed.
      (literally, “But the good Soviet time will never come back. It indeed never existed.”)

Related termsEdit

  • do (“therefore, indeed, so”)
  • ekzakte (“exactly”)
  • fakte (“factually”)
  • ĝuste (“just, right, exactly”)
  • jese (“yes, exactly”)
  • reale (“really, actually”)
  • vere (“truly”)

EstonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *ja, from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

SynonymsEdit

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

NounEdit

ja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)

  1. yes

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ja
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ja jaið ja jaini
accusative ja jaið ja jaini
dative jai jainum jaum jaunum
genitive jas jasins jaa jaanna

FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *ja (compare Estonian ja, Ingrian ja, Livonian ja, Votic ja), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”) (compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh).[1]

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. (coordinating) and

Usage notesEdit

  • (ja/sekä):
    • ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
    • sekä has a nuance of the things being more separate than with ja. If both words are used, ja ties things closer together than sekä.
      mansikka- ja vadelmahillo sekä muut hedelmäsäilykkeet ― strawberry and raspberry jam as well as other fruit preserves
      Vaahdota voi sekä sokeri ja sekoita joukkoon kuivat aineet. ― Cream the butter and sugar, and mix in the dry ingredients.
    • In legal language, ja and sekä are distinguished more clearly. sekä is considered "stronger" than ja. For example, an attribute specified before a list will apply to every item with ja, but not with sekä.
      paineella tyhjennettävät ja täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure = containers that are both filled and emptied under pressure
      paineella tyhjennettävät sekä täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure = containers that are emptied under pressure, and which can be filled either under pressure or not

SynonymsEdit

  • sekä (see the above usage notes)

NounEdit

ja

  1. AND (logic gate or connector)

DeclensionEdit

Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").

Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
nominative ja jat
genitive jan jaiden
jaitten
partitive jata jaita
illative jahan jaihin
singular plural
nominative ja jat
accusative nom. ja jat
gen. jan
genitive jan jaiden
jaitten
partitive jata jaita
inessive jassa jaissa
elative jasta jaista
illative jahan jaihin
adessive jalla jailla
ablative jalta jailta
allative jalle jaille
essive jana jaina
translative jaksi jaiksi
instructive — jain
abessive jatta jaitta
comitative — jaineen
Possessive forms of ja (type rosé)
possessor singular plural
1st person jani jamme
2nd person jasi janne
3rd person jansa

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

GaroEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

ja

  1. month

SynonymsEdit

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Dutch ja (“yes”), English yea (“yes, yea”), Spanish ya (“already”), and Latin iam (“already”). More at yes.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [jäː] (Standard, overall more common)
  • IPA(key): [ʝäː] (standard, overall less common)
  • audio(file)
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key): [jɑː] (Austrian German)
  • IPA(key): [jɒ~jɔ] (Austrian German, common in casual speech as an influence of the Austro-Bavarian language)
  • Rhymes: -aː
  • Homophone: Jahr (according to a widespread pronunciation of this word)

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes; yea, yeah, aye
    Synonym: jawohl
    Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.
    Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!
  2. (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
    Synonyms: doch, bekanntlich
    Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.
    Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.

Usage notesEdit

  • (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
  • (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes
    Synonym: jawohl
    Antonym: nein

Further readingEdit

  • “ja” in Duden online
  • “ja” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

GothicEdit

RomanizationEdit

ja

  1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌰

Guerrero AmuzgoEdit

AdjectiveEdit

ja

  1. heavy

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I

GutnishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.

Alternative formsEdit

  • jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
InflectionEdit
inflection of "ja"
subject ja
object mi
possessive min, mein, mitt, meine

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse já.

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes
Usage notesEdit

Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions

Related termsEdit
  • (used for yes-no questions) jo, jå (Lau dialect)

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

ReferencesEdit

  • "ja" in Gutamålgildes Årdliste
  • "ja in Gustavson, H. (red.). 1972-1986. Ordbok över Laumålet på Gotland. Uppsala: AB Lundequistska Bokhandeln.

HausaEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /(d)ʒáː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [d͡ʒáː]

AdjectiveEdit

jā (feminine jā, plural jājā̀yē)

  1. red

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjɒː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -jɒ

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
    Jössz holnap a meccsre? – Ja.
    “Are you coming to the game tomorrow?” “Yep.”
    Synonyms: aha, ühüm, jaja
  2. (informal) oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
    Este nem jár a vonat. – Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
    “No train is leaving in the evening.” “Oh, well then let's travel by bus!”
    Ezt nem is Miki küldte! – Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
    “This was not sent by Miki!” “Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.”

Further readingEdit

  • (yep, oh): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (indeed, actually, as a matter of fact): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French déjà, Italian già, Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate. Decision no. 987, Progreso VI.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. already
    Lu ja dormeskis.
    He/she has already fallen asleep.

Derived termsEdit

  • ne ja (“not yet; not even”)

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, pages 557, 691
  • Progreso VI (in Ido), 1913–1914, page 164

IngrianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Finnic *ja. Cognates include Finnish ja and Estonian ja.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
      Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.
      Kiko and Miko are already swimming.
SynonymsEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. also, too
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
      On meil hyvät mașinistat -
      paravozat ollaa ja.
      We have good engine drivers -
      we have steam locomotives, too.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Ultimately from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *ja (compare Swedish ja and German ja). Cognates include Finnish jaa and Estonian jah, jaa.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

ja

  1. yes
    • 1936, V. I. Junus; N. A. Iljin, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42:
      Onok se maa teil?
      - Ja, ono.
      Is that your land?
      Yes, it is.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 99
  • Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎[1], →ISBN, page 79

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

ja

  1. Rōmaji transcription of じゃ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ジャ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of ぢゃ
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヂャ

LatvianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs audio files. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record some and upload them. (For audio required quickly, visit WT:APR.)

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. if
  2. in case

LithuanianEdit

PronounEdit

ja f

  1. (third-person singular) instrumental form of ji.

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronounEdit

ja sg

  1. I

DeclensionEdit

Declension of the first-person pronouns
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ja mej my
Genitive mě
(after preposition) mnjo 		naju nas
Dative mě
(after preposition) mnjo 		nama nam
Accusative mě
(after preposition) mnjo 		naju nas
Instrumental mnu nama nami
Locative mnjo nama nas
Possessive determiner mój naju naš

Lule SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

Further readingEdit

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic يَا‎ (yā).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /jaː/
  • Usually unstressed and then automatically shortened to /ja/.

ParticleEdit

ja

  1. vocative particle; oh!; you!
    Ja Mulejja! ― Oh my Lord!
    Ja iblah! ― You idiot!

Usage notesEdit

  • While not obligatory even in standard Arabic, the vocative particle is predominantly omitted in Maltese. It does remain a common word, however, especially when equivalent to English “you”.

MaquiritariEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ja (possessed jadü)

  1. grandchild
  2. sibling’s grandchild; grandnephew or grandniece

ReferencesEdit

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “ja”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon
  • Hall, Katherine Lee (1988), “ha:dü”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volume I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University
  • Hall, Katherine (2007), “hādɨ”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎[3], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
  • Monterrey, Nalúa Rosa Silva (2012) Hombres de curiara y mujeres de conuco. Etnografía de los indigenas Ye’kwana de Venezuela, Ciudad Bolívar: Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, page 62–65, 71, 75

MbatiEdit

NounEdit

ja

  1. drought, famine

ReferencesEdit

  • LePage, Sarah Gloria (2020) "The phonology of Mbati"‎[4], University of North Dakota

North FrisianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. (Sylt and Mooring) they

SynonymsEdit

  • djo (Heligolandic)
  • jo (Amrum and Fering)
  • jä (Halligen, Hoorning and Wiedingharde)

Northern SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

Further readingEdit

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[5], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Northern SothoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.

VerbEdit

ja

  1. to eat

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

NounEdit

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)

  1. yes

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já.

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

NounEdit

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)

  1. yes

ReferencesEdit

Old FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin iam.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. already
  2. as soon as possible
  3. quickly
  4. (with "ne") never

ReferencesEdit

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)

Old PolishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronounEdit

ja

  1. first-person pronoun; I
DeclensionEdit

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit
  • Polish: ja

Etymology 2Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. (reduplicated) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. the name of some idol

ReferencesEdit

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes, yeah

Pite SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

Further readingEdit

  • ja in Bidumsáme Báhkogirrje (“Pite Sami word list”)
  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

PnarEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Khasian *ʤaː. Cognate with Khasi ja.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ja

  1. cooked rice

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old Polish ja, from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. first-person pronoun; I
    Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół. ― I want to have friends.

Usage notesEdit

Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in standard Polish, but can still be heard commonly in some dialects or in colloquial speech.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ja
singular plural
nominative ja my
genitive mnie/mię nas
dative mnie/mi nam
accusative mnie/mię nas
instrumental mną nami
locative mnie nas
vocative — —

Derived termsEdit

noun
particle

See alsoEdit

TriviaEdit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ja is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 16 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 84 times in essays, 892 times in fiction, and 2034 times in plays, totaling 3028 times, making it the 15th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “ja”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

Further readingEdit

  • ja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • “ja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
  • “JA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 04.09.2019
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 119

PortugueseEdit

AdverbEdit

ja (not comparable)

  1. Obsolete spelling of já

RussenorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Russian я (ja). May also be a Russianized form of Danish jeg or Swedish jag.

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (pronoun)

SynonymsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Ingvild Broch; Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: The pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag

Rwanda-RundiEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-gɪ̀a.

VerbEdit

-ja (infinitive kuja, perfective -gīye)

  1. (Kirundi) to go to

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs audio files. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record some and upload them. (For audio required quickly, visit WT:APR.)

PronounEdit

jȃ (Cyrillic spelling ја̑)

  1. I
    Ja sam učio. ― I have studied.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ja
singular plural
nominative jȃ mȋ
genitive mȅne, me nȃs
dative mȅni, mi nȁma, nam
accusative mȅne, me nȃs
vocative — mȋ
locative mȅni nȁma
instrumental mnȏm, mnóme nȁma

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from German ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

jȁ (Cyrillic spelling ја̏)

  1. (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah

Etymology 3Edit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. Archaic form of jao.
    • 1891, Srpske narodne pjesme:
      Ja Ivane, mio pobratime!
      O woe, Ivan, dear blood-brother!

SilesianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from German ja.

ParticleEdit

ja

  1. yes
    Antonym: ńy

SlovakEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first person singular)

Usage notesEdit

Following prepositions, ma and mi are replaced by mňa and mne respectively.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ja
singular plural
nominative ja my
genitive mňa, ma nás
dative mne, mi nám
accusative mňa, ma nás
locative mne nás
instrumental mnou nami

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • ja in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

AnagramsEdit

SloveneEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from German ja.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

jā

  1. (informal) yes
    Synonym: dȁ
    Antonym: nȅ

Etymology 2Edit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of jȁz
    Ja sem Slovenec. ― I am Slovenian.

Further readingEdit

  • “ja”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

SothoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.

VerbEdit

ja

  1. to eat

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈxa/ [ˈxa]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ja

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. representation of laughter, ha
    Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

SwahiliEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

-ja (infinitive kuja)

  1. to come
  2. going to (followed by an infinitive, future, or subjunctive verb)

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of -ja
Positive present -nakuja
Subjunctive -je
Negative -ji
Imperative singular njoo
Infinitives
Positive kuja
Negative kutokuja
Imperatives
Singular njoo
Plural njooni
Tensed forms
Habitual huja
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuja
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuja
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuja)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakuja/nakuja tunakuja
2nd person unakuja mnakuja
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuja wanakuja
other classes positive subject concord + -nakuja
Negative present (negative subject concord + -ji)
Singular Plural
1st person siji hatuji
2nd person huji hamji
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haji hawaji
other classes negative subject concord + -ji
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuja
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuja
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -je)
Singular Plural
1st person nije tuje
2nd person uje mje
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aje waje
other classes positive subject concord + -je
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sije
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuja
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuja
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuja
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuja
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aja)
Singular Plural
1st person naja twaja
2nd person waja mwaja
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aja waja
m-mi(III/IV) waja yaja
ji-ma(V/VI) laja yaja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaja vyaja
n(IX/X) yaja zaja
u(XI) waja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaja
pa(XVI) paja
mu(XVIII) mwaja
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuja
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuja
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaja
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kija
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuja
Consecutive kaja / positive subject concord + -kaja
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaje
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -ja- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -jaye -jao
m-mi(III/IV) -jao -jayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -jalo -jayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -jacho -javyo
n(IX/X) -jayo -jazo
u(XI) -jao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -jako
pa(XVI) -japo
mu(XVIII) -jamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kuja)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuja -okuja
m-mi(III/IV) -okuja -yokuja
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuja -yokuja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuja -vyokuja
n(IX/X) -yokuja -zokuja
u(XI) -okuja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuja
pa(XVI) -pokuja
mu(XVIII) -mokuja
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived termsEdit

SwedishEdit

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Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

Interjection
  • IPA(key): /jɑː/, (Scania) /jaː/, /ja/
  • audio(file)
Noun
  • IPA(key): /jɑː/, (Scania) /jaː/

AdverbEdit

ja (not comparable)

  1. yes
    Synonyms: japp, jo
    Antonym: nej
Related termsEdit

NounEdit

ja n

  1. a yes, an aye; a positive answer or vote
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ja 
Uncountable
Indefinite Definite
Nominative ja jaet — —
Genitive jas jaets — —

Etymology 2Edit

See jag.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. (colloquial, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of jag.

AnagramsEdit

TswanaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

go ja (past jelê)

  1. to eat

Tz'utujilEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ArticleEdit

ja

  1. the

Upper SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I

DeclensionEdit

Upper Sorbian personal pronouns
First person pronouns
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ja mój my
Genitive mje
(after preposition) mnje 		naju nas
Dative mi
(after preposition) mni 		namaj nam
Accusative mje
(after preposition) mnje 		naju nas
Instrumental mnu namaj nami
Locative mni nas
Second person pronouns
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ty wój wy
Genitive æe
(after preposition) tebje 		waju was
Dative æi
(after preposition) tebi 		wamaj wam
Accusative æe
(after preposition) tebje 		waju was
Instrumental tobu wamaj wami
Locative tebi was
Third person pronouns
Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Dual virile Dual nonvirile Plural virile Plural nonvirile
Nominative wón wona wono wonaj wonej woni wone
Genitive jeho
(after preposition) njeho 		jeje
(after preposition) njeje 		jeho
(after preposition) njeho 		jeju jich
(after preposition) nich
Dative jemu
(after preposition) njemu 		jej
(after preposition) njej 		jemu
(after preposition) njemu 		jimaj
(after preposition) nimaj 		jim
(after preposition) nim
Accusative jón
(after preposition) njón
(animate) jeho
(animate after preposition) njeho 		ju
(after preposition) nju 		jo, je
(after preposition) njo, nje 		jeju
(after preposition) njeju 		jej
(after preposition) njej 		jich
(after preposition) nich 		je
(after preposition) nje
Instrumental nim njej nim nimaj nimi
Locative nich


VoticEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

  • (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈʝɑ/, [ˈʝɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑ
  • Hyphenation: ja

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and
    Synonym: i

ReferencesEdit

  • V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “ja”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn

West FrisianEdit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “ja”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West MakianEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

ja

  1. (intransitive) to cry

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of ja (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person taja maja aja
2nd person naja faja
3rd person inanimate ija daja
animate
imperative naja, ja faja, ja

ReferencesEdit

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[7], Pacific linguistics

YorubaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Cognate with Igala jà (“to fight”)

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

jà

  1. (intransitive, reciprocal) to fight, to wrestle, to struggle
  2. (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to break out (as in a war or disease)
    Synonym: já
    ogún jà ― War broke out
Usage notesEdit
  • ja before a direct object
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (intransitive, transitive) to snap, to break off, to break loose
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to begin suddenly (to break out)
    Synonym: jà
    gudugbẹ̀ẹ́ já ― Calamity has broken out
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (intransitive) to ring out like a bell
    etí rẹ̀ ń já ― His ears were ringing out
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 5Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (heading, intransitive) to fall off (from some height)
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 6Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. to shine brightly
    Synonyms: là, bẹ, ha
    òṣùpá já tòò bí ọ̀sán ― The moon shined brightly like the afternoon (sun)

Etymology 7Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. to become aware, to come to full realization
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 8Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (intransitive) to become punctured
    àpò rẹ̀ẹ́ já ― His pocket has become punctured

Etymology 9Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (intransitive) to become saturated or oversaturated with something; to become too much of something
    iyọ̀ ọ́ já ọbẹ̀ yìí ― Salt has saturated this stew
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 10Edit

Likely cognate with Igala já (“to harvest”)

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

já

  1. (transitive) to pluck off (usually referring to fruit or leaves)
    Synonym: wọ́
Derived termsEdit

ZialoEdit

NounEdit

ja

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213

ZouEdit

VerbEdit

ja

  1. hear

ReferencesEdit

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