ja
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
ja
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yea.
Alternative forms edit
Adverb edit
ja (not comparable)
- (chiefly South Africa, informal) Yes.
- 1940, Penguin Parade (issue 7, page 25)
- Ja, he had been fooled and it was not pleasant for a man to go home and tell his wife that he been verneuked.
- 1940, Penguin Parade (issue 7, page 25)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
ja (plural jas or ja)
- (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
Descendants edit
Alemannic German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.
Adverb edit
ja
References edit
- Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 13.
Assan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *axʷ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.
Pronoun edit
ja
- I (first-person singular subjective)
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Atong (India) edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Garo ja (“moon, month”).
Noun edit
ja
References edit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
- already, (in negative sentences) any more
- now, immediately, at once
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ja” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Central Melanau edit
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ja | ||
Alternative forms edit
Numeral edit
ja
Synonyms edit
Cimbrian edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-West Germanic *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, English yea.
Particle edit
ja
References edit
- “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Cypriot Arabic edit
Root |
---|
j-y-y |
2 terms |
Etymology edit
Verb edit
References edit
- Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 192
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
ja
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
ja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)
Inflection edit
Dimasa edit
Noun edit
já
Derived terms edit
Dutch edit
Alternative forms edit
- (obsolete) jae
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
- yes
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
- Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
ja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)
- yes
- Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
- A yes you can get, a no you already have.
- Het begon met een ja...
- It began with a yes...
- Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Interjection edit
ja
- yes!
- Synonym: yes
- "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
- Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.
- (Suriname, informal) A casual greeting acknowledging the presence of a person; hey, hi, what's up
- (Suriname, informal) Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly; say again, what's that
Descendants edit
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German ja. Compare Polish jo, Yiddish יאָ (yo), English yea. Related to jes.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
- indeed
- 2015, Kalle Kniivilä, “Sopiro al Sovetio [Yearning for the Soviet Union]”, in Krimeo estas nia [Crimea is ours]:
- Sed la bona soveta tempo neniam revenos. Ĝi ja neniam ekzistis.
- But the good Soviet times will never return, because they never existed.
- (literally, “But the good Soviet time will never come back. It indeed never existed.”)
Related terms edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *ja, from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.
Conjunction edit
ja
Synonyms edit
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
ja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)
Declension edit
Declension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
accusative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
dative | jai | jainum | jaum | jaunum |
genitive | jas | jasins | jaa | jaanna |
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *ja (compare Estonian ja, Ingrian ja, Livonian ja, Votic ja), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”) (compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ja
- (coordinating) and
- Siellä oli poikia ja tyttöjä. ― There were boys and girls there.
- Menin kotiin ja aloin soittaa pianoa. ― I went home and started playing the piano.
- Iltapalaksi on leipää, juustoa, kinkkua, tomaattia ja maitoa. ― For supper we have bread, cheese, ham, tomato and milk.
- Mies juoksee ja juoksee. ― The man runs and runs.
- Ja sitten alkoi sataa. ― And then it started raining.
- Mene ja tiedä. ― Go figure. (literally, “Go and know.”)
- viisi ja puoli ― five and a half
- ensimmäisen ja viimeisen kerran ― for the first and the last time
Usage notes edit
- On the differences between ja and sekä:
- ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
- Vaahdota voi sekä sokeri ja sekoita joukkoon kuivat aineet. ― Cream the butter and sugar, and mix in the dry ingredients.
- sekä has a nuance of the things being more separate than with ja. If both words are used, ja ties things closer together than sekä.
- mansikka- ja vadelmahillo sekä muut hedelmäsäilykkeet ― strawberry and raspberry jam as well as other fruit preserves
- In legal language, ja and sekä are distinguished more clearly. sekä is considered "stronger" than ja. For example, an attribute specified before a list will apply to every item with ja, but not with sekä.
- paineella tyhjennettävät ja täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure
- paineella tyhjennettävät sekä täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure
- ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
Synonyms edit
- sekä (see the above usage notes)
Adverb edit
ja
Noun edit
ja
- AND (logic gate or connector)
Declension edit
Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").
Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ja | jat | ||
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | ||
partitive | jata | jaita | ||
illative | jahan | jaihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | ja | jat | ||
accusative | nom. | ja | jat | |
gen. | jan | |||
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | ||
partitive | jata | jaita | ||
inessive | jassa | jaissa | ||
elative | jasta | jaista | ||
illative | jahan | jaihin | ||
adessive | jalla | jailla | ||
ablative | jalta | jailta | ||
allative | jalle | jaille | ||
essive | jana | jaina | ||
translative | jaksi | jaiksi | ||
abessive | jatta | jaitta | ||
instructive | — | jain | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- “ja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Garo edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
ja
Synonyms edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Bavarian jå (“yes”), Dutch ja (“yes”), English yea (“yes, yea”), Spanish ya (“already”), and Latin iam (“already”). More at yes.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): [jäː] (Standard, overall more common)
- IPA(key): [ʝäː] (standard, overall less common)
audio (file) Audio (file) - IPA(key): [jɑː] (Austrian German)
- IPA(key): [jɒ~jɔ] (Austrian German, common in casual speech as an influence of the Austro-Bavarian language)
- Rhymes: -aː
- Homophone: Jahr (according to a widespread pronunciation of this word)
Adverb edit
ja
- yes; yea, yeah, aye
- Synonym: jawohl
- Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.
- Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!
- (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
- Synonyms: doch, bekanntlich
- Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.
- Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.
Usage notes edit
- (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
- (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Interjection edit
ja
Further reading edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
ja
- Romanization of 𐌾𐌰
Guerrero Amuzgo edit
Adjective edit
ja
Pronoun edit
ja
Gutnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.
Alternative forms edit
- jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)
Pronoun edit
ja
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
Inflection edit
inflection of "ja" | |
---|---|
subject | ja |
object | mi |
possessive | min, mein, mitt, meine |
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
ja
Usage notes edit
Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions
Related terms edit
Interjection edit
ja
References edit
Hausa edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
jā (feminine jā, plural jājā̀yē)
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjɒː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -jɒ
Interjection edit
ja
- (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
- (informal) oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
- Este nem jár a vonat. – Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
- “No train is leaving in the evening.” “Oh, well then let's travel by bus!”
- Ezt nem is Miki küldte! – Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
- “This was not sent by Miki!” “Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.”
Further reading edit
- (yep, oh): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (indeed, actually, as a matter of fact): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French déjà, Italian già, Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate. Decision no. 987, Progreso VI.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
- already
- Lu ja dormeskis.
- He/she has already fallen asleep.
Derived terms edit
- ne ja (“not yet; not even”)
Related terms edit
References edit
Ingrian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *ja. Cognates include Finnish ja and Estonian ja.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ja
- and
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
- Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.
- Kiko and Miko are already swimming.
Synonyms edit
Adverb edit
ja
- also, too
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- On meil hyvät mașinistat -
paravozat ollaa ja.- We have good engine drivers -
we have steam locomotives, too.
- We have good engine drivers -
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Ultimately from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *ja (compare Swedish ja and German ja). Cognates include Finnish jaa and Estonian jah, jaa.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ja
- yes
- 1936, V. I. Junus, N. A. Iljin, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42:
- Onok se maa teil?
- Ja, ono.- Is that your land?
Yes, it is.
- Is that your land?
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
References edit
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
ja
Latvian edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ja
Lithuanian edit
Pronoun edit
ja f
Lower Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronoun edit
ja sg
Declension edit
Lule Sami edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Conjunction edit
ja
Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ja
Usage notes edit
- While not obligatory even in standard Arabic, the vocative particle is predominantly omitted in Maltese. It does remain a common word, however, especially when equivalent to English “you”.
Mbati edit
Noun edit
ja
References edit
- LePage, Sarah Gloria (2020) "The phonology of Mbati"[5], University of North Dakota
North Frisian edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ja
- (Sylt and Mooring) they
Synonyms edit
Northern Sami edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ja
Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Northern Sotho edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Verb edit
ja
- to eat
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
Interjection edit
ja
Noun edit
ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)
References edit
- “ja” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Adverb edit
ja
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
Interjection edit
ja
Noun edit
ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)
References edit
- “ja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ja
- already
- as soon as possible
- quickly
- (with "ne") never
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)
Old Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. First attested in the 13th century.
Pronoun edit
ja
- first-person pronoun; I
Declension edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Interjection edit
ja
- (reduplicated) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- the name of some idol
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ja”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ja”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Pennsylvania German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Compare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.
Interjection edit
ja
Pite Sami edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Conjunction edit
ja
Further reading edit
Pnar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Khasian *ʤaː. Cognate with Khasi ja.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ja
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish ja. Doublet of ego.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ja
- first-person pronoun; I
- Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół. ― I want to have friends.
Usage notes edit
Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in standard Polish, but can still be heard commonly in some dialects or in colloquial speech.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ja is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 16 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 84 times in essays, 892 times in fiction, and 2034 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3028 times, making it the 15th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- ja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 September 4
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego[8]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[9]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego[10] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 119
Portuguese edit
Adverb edit
ja (not comparable)
Russenorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Russian я (ja). May also be a Russianized form of Danish jeg or Swedish jag.
Pronoun edit
ja
- I (pronoun)
Synonyms edit
References edit
- Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag
Rwanda-Rundi edit
Alternative forms edit
- -jya (Rwanda)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-gɪ̀a.
Verb edit
-ja (infinitive kuja, perfective -gīye)
- (Kirundi) to go to
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
jȃ (Cyrillic spelling ја̑)
- I
- Ja sam učio. ― I have studied.
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
jȁ (Cyrillic spelling ја̏)
- (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah
Etymology 3 edit
Interjection edit
ja
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ja
Further reading edit
- ja in silling.org
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ja
Usage notes edit
Declension edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- “ja”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Anagrams edit
Slovene edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
jā
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
ja
Further reading edit
- “ja”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Sotho edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Verb edit
ja
- to eat
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
ja
- representation of laughter, ha
- Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ja”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Verb edit
-ja (infinitive kuja)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of -ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms edit
- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -jia
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation edit
- Interjection
- Noun
Adverb edit
ja (not comparable)
Related terms edit
Noun edit
ja n
Declension edit
Declension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | ja | jaet | — | — |
Genitive | jas | jaets | — | — |
Etymology 2 edit
See jag.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ja
Anagrams edit
Tswana edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
go ja (past jelê)
- to eat
Re jele bogobe maabane - We ate bogobe yesterday.
Tz'utujil edit
Alternative forms edit
Article edit
ja
Upper Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ja
Declension edit
First person pronouns | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ja | mój | my | |||||
Genitive | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Dative | mi (after preposition) mni |
namaj | nam | |||||
Accusative | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Instrumental | mnu | namaj | nami | |||||
Locative | mni | nas | ||||||
Second person pronouns | ||||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ty | wój | wy | |||||
Genitive | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Dative | ći (after preposition) tebi |
wamaj | wam | |||||
Accusative | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Instrumental | tobu | wamaj | wami | |||||
Locative | tebi | was | ||||||
Third person pronouns | ||||||||
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual virile | Dual nonvirile | Plural virile | Plural nonvirile | ||
Nominative | wón | wona | wono | wonaj | wonej | woni | wone | |
Genitive | jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeje (after preposition) njeje |
jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeju | jich (after preposition) nich |
|||
Dative | jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jimaj (after preposition) nimaj |
jim (after preposition) nim | |||
Accusative | jón (after preposition) njón (animate) jeho (animate after preposition) njeho |
ju (after preposition) nju |
jo, je (after preposition) njo, nje |
jeju (after preposition) njeju |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jich (after preposition) nich |
je (after preposition) nje | |
Instrumental | nim | njej | nim | nimaj | nimi | |||
Locative | nich |
Further reading edit
- “ja” in Soblex
Votic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *ja.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ja
References edit
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ja”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
West Frisian edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
ja
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ja”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West Makian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ja
- (intransitive) to cry
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of ja (action verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | taja | maja | aja | |
2nd person | naja | faja | ||
3rd person | inanimate | ija | daja | |
animate | ||||
imperative | naja, ja | faja, ja |
References edit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[11], Pacific linguistics
Ye'kwana edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Cariban *pa (“grandchild”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ja (obligatorily possessed; possessed jadü)
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ja”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[12], Lyon
- Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) “ha:dü”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 289
- Hall, Katherine (2007) “hādɨ”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series[13], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
- The template Template:R:mch:Monterrey does not use the parameter(s):
head=jaadü, jaa'dü, jua'de
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Monterrey, Nalúa Rosa Silva (2012) Hombres de curiara y mujeres de conuco. Etnografía de los indigenas Ye’kwana de Venezuela, Ciudad Bolívar: Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, pages 62–65, 71, 75
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate with Igala jà (“to fight”)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
jà
- (intransitive, reciprocal) to fight, to wrestle, to struggle
- (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to break out (as in a war or disease)
- Synonym: já
- ogún jà ― War broke out
Usage notes edit
- ja before a direct object
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (intransitive, transitive) to snap, to break off, to break loose
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to begin suddenly (to break out)
- Synonym: jà
- gudugbẹ̀ẹ́ já ― Calamity has broken out
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (intransitive) to ring out like a bell
- etí rẹ̀ ń já ― His ears were ringing out
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (heading, intransitive) to fall off (from some height)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 6 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
Etymology 7 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- to become aware, to come to full realization
Derived terms edit
Etymology 8 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (intransitive) to become punctured
- àpò rẹ̀ẹ́ já ― His pocket has become punctured
Etymology 9 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (intransitive) to become saturated or oversaturated with something; to become too much of something
- iyọ̀ ọ́ já ọbẹ̀ yìí ― Salt has saturated this stew
Derived terms edit
Etymology 10 edit
Likely cognate with Igala já (“to harvest”)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
- (transitive) to pluck off (usually referring to fruit or leaves)
- Synonym: wọ́
Derived terms edit
Zialo edit
Noun edit
ja
References edit
- Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213
Zou edit
Verb edit
ja