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ja

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ja"

Contents

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yeah.

Alternative formsEdit

AdverbEdit

ja (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly South Africa, informal) yes
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja)

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

ja (plural jas or ja)

  1. (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

Alemannic GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. (Uri) yes

ReferencesEdit

AssanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaʒ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first-person singular subjective)

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin iam.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. already, (in negative sentences) any more
  2. now, immediately, at once

Derived termsEdit

Central MelanauEdit

Central Melanau cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ja

Alternative formsEdit

NumeralEdit

ja

  1. (cardinal) one

SynonymsEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já (“yes”).

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

NounEdit

ja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)

  1. yes

InflectionEdit

Declension of ja
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ja jaet jaer jaerne
genitive jas jaets jaers jaernes

DimasaEdit

NounEdit

já

  1. foot

Derived termsEdit

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

  • audio
    		(file)
  • IPA(key): /jaː/

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes
    Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
    Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

ja m, n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)

  1. yes
    Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
    A yes you can get, a no you already have.
    Het begon met een ja...
    It began with a yes...

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes!
    "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
    Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.

SynonymsEdit

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From German ja. Compare Danish jo, Swedish ju.

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. indeed

EstonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

SynonymsEdit

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

NounEdit

ja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)

  1. yes

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ja
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ja jaið ja jaini
accusative ja jaið ja jaini
dative jai jainum jaum jaunum
genitive jas jasins jaa jaanna

FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
  • Audio
    		(file)
  • Hyphenation: ja

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. (coordinating) and

SynonymsEdit

  • sekä (used when listing things — not when joining clauses)

NounEdit

ja

  1. AND (logic gate or connector)

DeclensionEdit

Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").


Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
nominative ja jat
genitive jan jaiden
jaitten
partitive jata jaita
illative jahan jaihin
singular plural
nominative ja jat
accusative nom. ja jat
gen. jan
genitive jan jaiden
jaitten
partitive jata jaita
inessive jassa jaissa
elative jasta jaista
illative jahan jaihin
adessive jalla jailla
ablative jalta jailta
allative jalle jaille
essive jana jaina
translative jaksi jaiksi
instructive — jain
abessive jatta jaitta
comitative — jaineen

ReferencesEdit

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Dutch ja (“yes”), English yea (“yes, yea”), Latin iam (“already”). More at yes.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes
    Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.
    Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!
  2. (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
    Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.
    Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.

Usage notesEdit

  • (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
  • (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • ja in Duden online

GothicEdit

RomanizationEdit

ja

  1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌰

Guerrero AmuzgoEdit

AdjectiveEdit

ja

  1. heavy

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I

GutnishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.

Alternative formsEdit

  • jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
InflectionEdit
inflection of "ja"
subject ja
object mi
possessive min, mein, mitt, meine

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse já

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes
Usage notesEdit

Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions

Related termsEdit
  • (used for yes-no questions) jo, jå (Lau dialect)

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

ReferencesEdit

  • "ja" in Gutamålgildes Årdliste
  • "ja in Gustavson, H. (red.). 1972-1986. Ordbok över Laumålet på Gotland. Uppsala: AB Lundequistska Bokhandeln.

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjaː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
  • Audio
    		(file)

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
    Jössz holnap a meccsre? - Ja.
    Are you coming to the game tomorrow? - Yep.
  2. oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
    Este nem jár a vonat. - Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
    No train is leaving in the evening. - Oh, well then let's travel by bus!
    Ezt nem is Miki küldte! - Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
    This was not sent by Miki! - Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.

SynonymsEdit

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Italian già, French déjà and Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. already

Related termsEdit

IngrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh. Akin to Finnish ja.

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

ja

  1. Rōmaji transcription of じゃ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ジャ

LatvianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs audio files. If you have a microphone, please record some and upload them. (For audio required quickly, visit WT:APR.)

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. if
  2. in case

LithuanianEdit

PronounEdit

ja f

  1. (third-person singular) instrumental form of ji.

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronounEdit

ja sg

  1. I

DeclensionEdit

Declension of the first-person pronouns
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ja mej my
Genitive mě
(after preposition) mnjo 		naju nas
Dative mě
(after preposition) mnjo 		nama nam
Accusative mě
(after preposition) mnjo 		naju nas
Instrumental mnu nama nami
Locative mnjo nama nas
Possessive determiner mój naju naš

Lule SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

Further readingEdit

North FrisianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. (Sylt and Mooring) they

SynonymsEdit

  • djo (Heligolandic)
  • jo (Amrum and Fering)
  • jä (Halligen, Hoorning and Wiedingharde)

Northern SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

Further readingEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

NounEdit

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)

  1. yes

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

NounEdit

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)

  1. yes

ReferencesEdit

Old FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin iam

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. already
  2. as soon as possible
  3. quickly
  4. (with "ne") never

ReferencesEdit

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes, yeah

Pite SamiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

ConjunctionEdit

ja

  1. and

Further readingEdit

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first-person pronoun)
    Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół.
    I want to have friends.

DeclensionEdit

declension of ja
singular plural
nominative ja —
genitive mnie/mię —
dative mnie/mi —
accusative mnie/mię —
instrumental mną —
locative mnie —
vocative — —

NotesEdit

Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in Standard Polish, but can still be heard in some dialects.

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

AdverbEdit

ja (not comparable)

  1. Obsolete spelling of já

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

jȃ (Cyrillic spelling ја̑)

  1. I
    Ja sam učio. ― I have studied.
  2. me
    Ovo sam ja. ― This is me.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ja
singular plural
nominative jȃ mȋ
genitive mȅne, me nȃs, nas
dative mȅni, mi nȁma, nam
accusative mȅne, me nȃs, nas
vocative — mȋ
locative mȅni nȁma
instrumental mnȏm, mnóme nȁma

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from German ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

jȁ (Cyrillic spelling ја̏)

  1. (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah

Etymology 3Edit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of jao.
    • 1891, Srpske narodne pjesme:
Ja Ivane, mio pobratime!
O woe, Ivan, dear blood-brother!

SilesianEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

AntonymsEdit

SlovakEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I (first person singular)

Usage notesEdit

Following prepositions, ma and mi are replaced by mňa and mne respectively.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ja
singular plural
nominative ja my
genitive mňa, ma nás
dative mne, mi nám
accusative mňa, ma nás
locative mne nás
instrumental mnou nami

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • ja in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

AnagramsEdit

SloveneEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowed from German ja.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

já

  1. (informal) yes
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

PronounEdit

ja

  1. (dialectal) I
    Ja sem Slovenec.
    I am Slovenian.
SynonymsEdit
  • jaz (Standard)
  • jst (dialectal)

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. representation of laughter, ha
    Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja

SwahiliEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.

VerbEdit

-ja (infinitive kuja)

  1. to come
  2. going to (followed by an infinitive, future, or subjunctive verb)

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of -ja
Non-finite forms
Form Positive Negative
Infinitive kuja kutokuja
Simple finite forms
Positive form Singular Plural
Imperative njoo njooni
njoni
Habitual huja
Complex finite forms
Polarity Persons Persons / Classes Classes
1st 2nd 3rd / M-wa M-mi Ma Ki-vi N U Ku Pa Mu
Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. / 1 Pl. / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 14 15 / 17 16 18
Past
Positive nilikuja
nalikuja 		tulikuja
twalikuja 		ulikuja
walikuja 		mlikuja
mwalikuja 		alikuja walikuja ulikuja ilikuja lilikuja yalikuja kilikuja vilikuja ilikuja zilikuja ulikuja kulikuja palikuja mulikuja
Relative niliokuja
naliokuja 		tuliokuja
twaliokuja 		uliokuja
waliokuja 		mliokuja
mwaliokuja 		aliokuja waliokuja uliokuja iliokuja liliokuja yaliokuja kiliokuja viliokuja iliokuja ziliokuja uliokuja kuliokuja paliokuja muliokuja
Negative sikuja hatukuja hukuja hamkuja hakuja hawakuja haukuja haikuja halikuja hayakuja hakikuja havikuja haikuja hazikuja haukuja hakukuja hapakuja hamukuja
Present
Positive ninakuja
nakuja 		tunakuja unakuja mnakuja anakuja wanakuja unakuja inakuja linakuja yanakuja kinakuja vinakuja inakuja zinakuja unakuja kunakuja panakuja munakuja
Relative ninaokuja
naokuja 		tunaokuja unaokuja mnaokuja anaokuja wanaokuja unaokuja inaokuja linaokuja yanaokuja kinaokuja vinaokuja inaokuja zinaokuja unaokuja kunaokuja panaokuja munaokuja
Negative sikuji hatukuji hukuji hamkuji hakuji hawakuji haukuji haikuji halikuji hayakuji hakikuji havikuji haikuji hazikuji haukuji hakukuji hapakuji hamukuji
Future
Positive nitakuja tutakuja utakuja mtakuja atakuja watakuja utakuja itakuja litakuja yatakuja kitakuja vitakuja itakuja zitakuja utakuja kutakuja patakuja mutakuja
Relative nitakaokuja tutakaokuja utakaokuja mtakaokuja atakaokuja watakaokuja utakaokuja itakaokuja litakaokuja yatakaokuja kitakaokuja vitakaokuja itakaokuja zitakaokuja utakaokuja kutakaokuja patakaokuja mutakaokuja
Negative sitakuja hatutakuja hutakuja hamtakuja hatakuja hawatakuja hautakuja haitakuja halitakuja hayatakuja hakitakuja havitakuja haitakuja hazitakuja hautakuja hakutakuja hapatakuja hamutakuja
Subjunctive
Positive nije tuje uje mje aje waje uje ije lije yaje kije vije ije zije uje kuje paje muje
Negative nisije tusije usije msije asije wasije usije isije lisije yasije kisije visije isije zisije usije kusije pasije musije
Present Conditional
Positive ningekuja tungekuja ungekuja mngekuja angekuja wangekuja ungekuja ingekuja lingekuja yangekuja kingekuja vingekuja ingekuja zingekuja ungekuja kungekuja pangekuja mungekuja
Negative nisingekuja
singekuja 		tusingekuja
hatungekuja 		usingekuja
hungekuja 		msingekuja
hamngekuja 		asingekuja
hangekuja 		wasingekuja
hawangekuja 		usingekuja
haungekuja 		isingekuja
haingekuja 		lisingekuja
halingekuja 		yasingekuja
hayangekuja 		kisingekuja
hakingekuja 		visingekuja
havingekuja 		isingekuja
haingekuja 		zisingekuja
hazingekuja 		usingekuja
haungekuja 		kusingekuja
hakungekuja 		pasingekuja
hapangekuja 		musingekuja
hamungekuja
Past Conditional
Positive ningalikuja tungalikuja ungalikuja mngalikuja angalikuja wangalikuja ungalikuja ingalikuja lingalikuja yangalikuja kingalikuja vingalikuja ingalikuja zingalikuja ungalikuja kungalikuja pangalikuja mungalikuja
Negative nisingalikuja
singalikuja 		tusingalikuja
hatungalikuja 		usingalikuja
hungalikuja 		msingalikuja
hamngalikuja 		asingalikuja
hangalikuja 		wasingalikuja
hawangalikuja 		usingalikuja
haungalikuja 		isingalikuja
haingalikuja 		lisingalikuja
halingalikuja 		yasingalikuja
hayangalikuja 		kisingalikuja
hakingalikuja 		visingalikuja
havingalikuja 		isingalikuja
haingalikuja 		zisingalikuja
hazingalikuja 		usingalikuja
haungalikuja 		kusingalikuja
hakungalikuja 		pasingalikuja
hapangalikuja 		musingalikuja
hamungalikuja
Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive ningelikuja tungelikuja ungelikuja mngelikuja angelikuja wangelikuja ungelikuja ingelikuja lingelikuja yangelikuja kingelikuja vingelikuja ingelikuja zingelikuja ungelikuja kungelikuja pangelikuja mungelikuja
General Relative
Positive nijao tujao ujao mjao ajao wajao ujao ijao lijao yajao kijao vijao ijao zijao ujao kujao pajao mujao
Negative nisiokuja tusiokuja usiokuja msiokuja asiokuja wasiokuja usiokuja isiokuja lisiokuja yasiokuja kisiokuja visiokuja isiokuja zisiokuja usiokuja kusiokuja pasiokuja musiokuja
Gnomic
Positive naja twaja waja mwaja aja waja waja yaja laja yaja chaja vyaja yaja zaja waja kwaja paja mwaja
Perfect
Positive nimekuja tumekuja umekuja mmekuja amekuja wamekuja umekuja imekuja limekuja yamekuja kimekuja vimekuja imekuja zimekuja umekuja kumekuja pamekuja mumekuja
"Already"
Positive nimeshakuja tumeshakuja umeshakuja mmeshakuja ameshakuja wameshakuja umeshakuja imeshakuja limeshakuja yameshakuja kimeshakuja vimeshakuja imeshakuja zimeshakuja umeshakuja kumeshakuja pameshakuja mumeshakuja
"Not yet"
Negative sijaja hatujaja hujaja hamjaja hajaja hawajaja haujaja haijaja halijaja hayajaja hakijaja havijaja haijaja hazijaja haujaja hakujaja hapajaja hamujaja
"If/When"
Positive nikija tukija ukija mkija akija wakija ukija ikija likija yakija kikija vikija ikija zikija ukija kukija pakija mukija
"If not"
Negative nisipokuja tusipokuja usipokuja msipokuja asipokuja wasipokuja usipokuja isipokuja lisipokuja yasipokuja kisipokuja visipokuja isipokuja zisipokuja usipokuja kusipokuja pasipokuja musipokuja
Consecutive
Positive nikaja tukaja ukaja mkaja akaja wakaja ukaja ikaja likaja yakaja kikaja vikaja ikaja zikaja ukaja kukaja pakaja mukaja
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived termsEdit

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja (not comparable)

  1. yes

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

NounEdit

ja n

  1. a yes, an aye; a positive answer or vote

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ja 
Uncountable
Indefinite Definite
Nominative ja jaet — —
Genitive jas jaets — —

TswanaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu [Term?]. Cognate with Swahili kula, Zulu dla.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

go ja (past jelê)

  1. to eat

Tz'utujilEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ArticleEdit

ja

  1. the

Upper SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

PronounEdit

ja

  1. I

West FrisianEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ja

  1. yes

InterjectionEdit

ja

  1. yes

ZialoEdit

NounEdit

ja

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213
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