-illo

See also: illo, illó, and illő

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɪl.loː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈil.lo]

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-illō (present infinitive -illāre, perfect active -illāvī, supine -illātum); first conjugation

Forms diminutive verbs from verbs.
focilō (“I refresh, resuscitate”), less commonly focillō, from the noun focus.

cantillō (“I hum, warble”), from the verb cantō

Conjugation

Conjugation of -illō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-illō	-illās		-illat	-illāmus	-illātis		-illant
	imperfect	-illābam	-illābās		-illābat	-illābāmus	-illābātis		-illābant
	future	-illābō	-illābis		-illābit	-illābimus	-illābitis		-illābunt
	perfect	-illāvī	-illāvistī		-illāvit	-illāvimus	-illāvistis		-illāvērunt, -illāvēre
	pluperfect	-illāveram	-illāverās		-illāverat	-illāverāmus	-illāverātis		-illāverant
	future perfect	-illāverō	-illāveris		-illāverit	-illāverimus	-illāveritis		-illāverint
passive	present	-illor	-illāris, -illāre		-illātur	-illāmur	-illāminī		-illantur
	imperfect	-illābar	-illābāris, -illābāre		-illābātur	-illābāmur	-illābāminī		-illābantur
	future	-illābor	-illāberis, -illābere		-illābitur	-illābimur	-illābiminī		-illābuntur
	perfect	-illātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-illātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-illātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-illem	-illēs		-illet	-illēmus	-illētis		-illent
	imperfect	-illārem	-illārēs		-illāret	-illārēmus	-illārētis		-illārent
	perfect	-illāverim	-illāverīs		-illāverit	-illāverīmus	-illāverītis		-illāverint
	pluperfect	-illāvissem	-illāvissēs		-illāvisset	-illāvissēmus	-illāvissētis		-illāvissent
passive	present	-iller	-illēris, -illēre		-illētur	-illēmur	-illēminī		-illentur
	imperfect	-illārer	-illārēris, -illārēre		-illārētur	-illārēmur	-illārēminī		-illārentur
	perfect	-illātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-illātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	-illā		—	—	-illāte		—
active	future	—	-illātō		-illātō	—	-illātōte		-illantō
passive	present	—	-illāre		—	—	-illāminī		—
passive	future	—	-illātor		-illātor	—	—		-illantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		-illāre		-illārī, -illārier¹		-illāns		—
future		-illātūrum esse		-illātum īrī		-illātūrus		-illandus
perfect		-illāvisse		-illātum esse		—		-illātus
future perfect		—		-illātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		-illātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		-illandī	-illandō		-illandum	-illandō	-illātum		-illātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -illo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-illō

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -illus

Spanish

Alternative forms

-illa (with feminine nouns)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish -iello, from Latin -ellus, an extension of -lus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (most of Spain and Latin America) /ˈiʝo/ [ˈi.ʝo]
IPA^(key): (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /ˈiʎo/ [ˈi.ʎo]
IPA^(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈiʃo/ [ˈi.ʃo]
IPA^(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈiʒo/ [ˈi.ʒo]

Rhymes: -iʝo
Rhymes: -iʎo
Rhymes: -iʃo
Rhymes: -iʒo

Syllabification: -i‧llo

Suffix

-illo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -illos)

added to masculine nouns to denote a diminutive form
Synonyms: -ito, -cito, -cillo, -ecillo, -cecillo, -ico, -ín, -lito

Coordinate term: -illa

Usage notes

If the noun has a final vowel (usually -o), it is dropped before adding -illo.
In most cases, -illo is used simply to indicate a small or endeared thing, without changing the basic meaning of the noun; however, in some cases, it is used to effect a greater change in meaning, such as bolsillo (“pocket”), from bolso (“handbag, purse”).
Different nouns tend to prefer different diminutive suffixes (see synonyms below), though some nouns accept multiple diminutives, and there is often regional or personal variation.
For masculine nouns ending in -a, there is some alternation between the gender-reflecting diminutive -illo and the ending-reflecting diminutive -illa. When the latter is used, -ill- may be considered an infix.