-istaa

See also: -istää

Finnish

Etymology

Formally -ise- +‎ -taa, i.e. extracted from verbs originally formed by the suffix -taa from adjectives ending in -inen : -ise-. This reanalysis has likely been further supported by verbs such as altistaa, kaunistaa, tiivistää, valmistaa, all -taa verbs derived from adjectives which show -is even in the nominative.

Suffix

-istaa (front vowel harmony variant -istää, stem -ista-, linguistic notation -istA- or -istAA)

Forms verbs meaning "to make (into)", predominantly from adjectives; -ize/-ise
‎vahva (“strong”) + ‎-istaa → ‎vahvistaa (“to strengthen”)

‎tosi (“real”) + ‎-istaa → ‎todistaa (“to verify”)
Forms verbs referring to applying a tool onto or to equipping something.
‎kone (“machine”) + ‎-istaa → ‎koneistaa (“to machine”)

‎tietokone (“computer”) + ‎-istaa → ‎tietokoneistaa (“to computerize”)

Usage notes

After labial vowels, the -i- is frequently omitted: see -staa.

Conjugation

Inflection of -istaa (Kotus type 53/muistaa, no gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-istan

en -ista

1st sing.

olen -istanut

en ole -istanut

2nd sing.

-istat

et -ista

2nd sing.

olet -istanut

et ole -istanut

3rd sing.

-istaa

ei -ista

3rd sing.

on -istanut

ei ole -istanut

1st plur.

-istamme

emme -ista

1st plur.

olemme -istaneet

emme ole -istaneet

2nd plur.

-istatte

ette -ista

2nd plur.

olette -istaneet

ette ole -istaneet

3rd plur.

-istavat

eivät -ista

3rd plur.

ovat -istaneet

eivät ole -istaneet

passive

-istetaan

ei -isteta

passive

on -istettu

ei ole -istettu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-istin

en -istanut

1st sing.

olin -istanut

en ollut -istanut

2nd sing.

-istit

et -istanut

2nd sing.

olit -istanut

et ollut -istanut

3rd sing.

-isti

ei -istanut

3rd sing.

oli -istanut

ei ollut -istanut

1st plur.

-istimme

emme -istaneet

1st plur.

olimme -istaneet

emme olleet -istaneet

2nd plur.

-istitte

ette -istaneet

2nd plur.

olitte -istaneet

ette olleet -istaneet

3rd plur.

-istivat

eivät -istaneet

3rd plur.

olivat -istaneet

eivät olleet -istaneet

passive

-istettiin

ei -istettu

passive

oli -istettu

ei ollut -istettu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-istaisin

en -istaisi

1st sing.

olisin -istanut

en olisi -istanut

2nd sing.

-istaisit

et -istaisi

2nd sing.

olisit -istanut

et olisi -istanut

3rd sing.

-istaisi

ei -istaisi

3rd sing.

olisi -istanut

ei olisi -istanut

1st plur.

-istaisimme

emme -istaisi

1st plur.

olisimme -istaneet

emme olisi -istaneet

2nd plur.

-istaisitte

ette -istaisi

2nd plur.

olisitte -istaneet

ette olisi -istaneet

3rd plur.

-istaisivat

eivät -istaisi

3rd plur.

olisivat -istaneet

eivät olisi -istaneet

passive

-istettaisiin

ei -istettaisi

passive

olisi -istettu

ei olisi -istettu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

-ista

älä -ista

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

-istakoon

älköön -istako

3rd sing.

olkoon -istanut

älköön olko -istanut

1st plur.

-istakaamme

älkäämme -istako

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

-istakaa

älkää -istako

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

-istakoot

älkööt -istako

3rd plur.

olkoot -istaneet

älkööt olko -istaneet

passive

-istettakoon

älköön -istettako

passive

olkoon -istettu

älköön olko -istettu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-istanen

en -istane

1st sing.

lienen -istanut

en liene -istanut

2nd sing.

-istanet

et -istane

2nd sing.

lienet -istanut

et liene -istanut

3rd sing.

-istanee

ei -istane

3rd sing.

lienee -istanut

ei liene -istanut

1st plur.

-istanemme

emme -istane

1st plur.

lienemme -istaneet

emme liene -istaneet

2nd plur.

-istanette

ette -istane

2nd plur.

lienette -istaneet

ette liene -istaneet

3rd plur.

-istanevat

eivät -istane

3rd plur.

lienevät -istaneet

eivät liene -istaneet

passive

-istettaneen

ei -istettane

passive

lienee -istettu

ei liene -istettu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

-istaa

present

-istava

-istettava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-istaakseni	-istaaksemme
2nd	-istaaksesi	-istaaksenne
3rd	-istaakseen -istaaksensa

past

-istanut

-istettu

2nd

inessive²

-istaessa

-istettaessa

agent⁴

-istama

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-istaessani	-istaessamme
2nd	-istaessasi	-istaessanne
3rd	-istaessaan -istaessansa

negative

-istamaton

instructive

-istaen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
* The third-person singular indicative form -istaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd

inessive

-istamassa

—

elative

-istamasta

—

illative

-istamaan

—

adessive

-istamalla

—

abessive

-istamatta

—

instructive

-istaman

-istettaman

4th³

verbal noun

-istaminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-istamaisillani	-istamaisillamme
2nd	-istamaisillasi	-istamaisillanne
3rd	-istamaisillaan -istamaisillansa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -istaa

Anagrams

-aista, aasit, aisat, aista, asiat, astia, saati, saita

Ingrian

Etymology

Re-extracted form of -taa after nominals ending in -in. Akin to Finnish -istaa.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-istɑː/, [-is̠tɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-istɑː/, [-iʃtɑː]

Suffix

-istaa (front vowel variant -istää)

Used to form inchoative verbs: -ise
‎vari (“hot”) + ‎-istaa → ‎varistaa (“heat up”)

Usage notes

After labial vowels (-o, -ö, -u, -y), an alternative form -staa is more frequently used.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -istaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, st-ss gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-issan	en -issa	1st singular	oon -istant, oon -istanut	en oo -istant, en oo -istanut
2nd singular	-issat	et -issa	2nd singular	oot -istant, oot -istanut	et oo -istant, et oo -istanut
3rd singular	-istaa	ei -issa	3rd singular	ono -istant, ono -istanut	ei oo -istant, ei oo -istanut
1st plural	-issamma	emmä -issa	1st plural	oomma -istanneet	emmä oo -istanneet
2nd plural	-issatta	että -issa	2nd plural	ootta -istanneet	että oo -istanneet
3rd plural	-istaat¹⁾, -istavat²⁾, -issettaa	evät -issa, ei -isseta	3rd plural	ovat -istanneet	evät oo -istanneet, ei oo -issettu
impersonal	-issettaa	ei -isseta	impersonal	ono -issettu	ei oo -issettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-issin	en -istant, en -istanut	1st singular	olin -istant, olin -istanut	en olt -istant, en olt -istanut
2nd singular	-issit	et -istant, et -istanut	2nd singular	olit -istant, olit -istanut	et olt -istant, et olt -istanut
3rd singular	-isti	ei -istant, ei -istanut	3rd singular	oli -istant, oli -istanut	ei olt -istant, ei olt -istanut
1st plural	-issimma	emmä -istanneet	1st plural	olimma -istanneet	emmä olleet -istanneet
2nd plural	-issitta	että -istanneet	2nd plural	olitta -istanneet	että olleet -istanneet
3rd plural	-istiit¹⁾, -istivat²⁾, -issettii	evät -istanneet, ei -issettu	3rd plural	olivat -istanneet	evät olleet -istanneet, ei olt -issettu
impersonal	-issettii	ei -issettu	impersonal	oli -issettu	ei olt -issettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-istaisin	en -istais	1st singular	olisin -istant, olisin -istanut	en olis -istant, en olis -istanut
2nd singular	-istaisit, -istaist¹⁾	et -istais	2nd singular	olisit -istant, olisit -istanut	et olis -istant, et olis -istanut
3rd singular	-istais	ei -istais	3rd singular	olis -istant, olis -istanut	ei olis -istant, ei olis -istanut
1st plural	-istaisimma	emmä -istais	1st plural	olisimma -istanneet	emmä olis -istanneet
2nd plural	-istaisitta	että -istais	2nd plural	olisitta -istanneet	että olis -istanneet
3rd plural	-istaisiit¹⁾, -istaisivat²⁾, -issettais	evät -istais, ei -issettais	3rd plural	olisivat -istanneet	evät olis -istanneet, ei olis -issettu
impersonal	-issettais	ei -issettais	impersonal	olis -issettu	ei olis -issettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-issa	elä -issa	2nd singular	oo -istant, oo -istanut	elä oo -istant, elä oo -istanut
3rd singular	-istakkoo	elköö -istako	3rd singular	olkoo -istant, olkoo -istanut	elköö olko -istant, elköö olko -istanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-istakkaa	elkää -istako	2nd plural	olkaa -istanneet	elkää olko -istanneet
3rd plural	-istakkoot	elkööt -istako, elköö -issettako	3rd plural	olkoot -istanneet	elkööt olko -istanneet, elköö olko -issettu
impersonal	-issettakoo	elköö -issettako	impersonal	olkoo -issettu	elköö olko -issettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-istanen	en -istane
2nd singular	-istanet	et -istane
3rd singular	-istannoo	ei -istane
1st plural	-istanemma	emmä -istane
2nd plural	-istanetta	että -istane
3rd plural	-istannoot	evät -istane, ei -issettane
impersonal	-issettanoo	ei -issettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-istaa	present	-istava	-issettava
2nd	inessive	-istaes	past	-istant, -istanut	-issettu
2nd	instructive	-istaen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-istakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-istammaa
	inessive	-istamas
	elative	-istamast
	abessive	-istamata
4th	nominative	-istamiin
	partitive	-istamista, -istamist

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -istaa