-kan

Bambara

Suffix

-kan

language

Derived terms

Bambara terms suffixed with -kan

Fulakan

laadilikan

Garo

Affix

-kan

3rd person imperative, let it
tusikan
let him sleep

Indonesian

Alternative forms

-ken (Java Bazzar Malay)

Etymology

Inherited from Malay -kan, from Proto-Malayic *-kən, shortened form of Proto-Malayic *akən. Cognate with Karo Batak -ken and Toba Batak -hon. Doublet of akan (“will (future tense auxiliary)”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-kan/
Rhymes: -an
Hyphenation: -kan

Suffix

-kan (non-active/imperative/basic -kan, active meng- -kan, passive di- -kan)

used to indicate transitive imperative beneficial verbs
Belikan aku sebatang pensil!
Buy me a pencil!
used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from an intransitive verb base: to order and cause the object to perform [base]
Bangunkan Siti!
Wake up Siti!
used to indicate transitive imperative instrumental verb, from an intransitive verb base
Tikamkan belati ini ke perut harimau itu!
Thrust this knife into that tiger’s belly!
used to indicate transitive imperative locative verb, from a noun base.
Pasarkan buku itu!
Take that book to the market!

Gudangkan kursi ini!
Take this chair into the warehouse!
used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from a noun base.
Korbankan dia!
Sacrifice him!

Usage notes

When this suffix is combined with the prefixes meng-, di-, ter-, and ke-, the imperative aspect is lost.

Derived terms

Combined affixes

Indonesian terms suffixed with -kan

Japanese

Romanization

-kan

Rōmaji transcription of かん

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *-kən, shortened form of Proto-Malayic *akən. Related to akan (“will (future tense auxiliary)”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-kan]
Rhymes: -kan, -an

Suffix

-kan (Jawi spelling -کن, formal active meng- -kan, 3rd person passive di- -kan)

Used to indicate transitive verbs:
1. Gives a causative meaning of causing something to become the base word.
  ‎sedih (“sad”) + ‎-kan → ‎sedihkan (“to sadden, to make sad”)
  
  Cerita ini menyedihkan Adam sehingga dia ternangis.
  This story saddened Adam to the point that he cried.
  
  Kalau kau buat tu, nanti kau sedihkan mak ayah kau je doh.
  If you do that, you'll only make your parents sad.
  - 1371 CE [c. 1296–1316 CE], Kadi Hasan, Hikayat Bayan Budiman (fiction), translation of Tutinama by Ziya' al-Din Nakhshabi (in Persian); transcribed from Jawi script into the Latin alphabet Ekawati Ekawati, Doni Setiyawan, editors, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, 2016, →ISBN:
    Sebagai pemimpin, Raja Bayan menyampaikan idenya kepada bayan-bayan yang lain.
    Like a leader, King Parrot told his plan to the other parrots.
2. Forms a ditransitive verb that has a benefactive meaning of doing the base word for the benefit of someone or something else.
  ‎beli (“to buy”) + ‎-kan → ‎belikan (“to buy someone something”)
  
  Adam membelikan emaknya buku ini.
  Adam bought his mum this book.
  
  Adam, mintak belikan adik kamu makanan sekejap.
  Adam, can you buy your little brother some food for a bit.
  - 1303 CE, Terengganu Inscription Stone:
    داٮع ٮرىكں، كامڡ[تْ]اورع ٮرٯهوٮع
    Datang berikan. Keempat orang berpiutan
    Come hither. The fourth for debtors.

Derived terms

Navajo

Stem

-kan

Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
NEU	-KĄĄD (sweet)

Ojibwe

Noun

-kan (obligatorily possessed)

bone

Derived terms

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/nikan-nid

Pipil

Suffix

-kan

Forms nouns from verbs or adjectives

Turkish

	preceding vowel
	a / ı / o / u	e / i / ö / ü
default	-gan	-gen
assimilated	-kan	-ken

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kan/

Suffix

-kan

Assimilated form of -gan after the vowels A / I / O / U.
‎gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + ‎-egen → ‎gezegen (“planet”)

‎çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + ‎-gen → ‎çekingen (“shy, reserved”)

‎çalış- (“to work, to study”) + ‎-kan → ‎çalışkan (“hardworking”)

-kan

Contents

Bambara

Suffix

Derived terms

Garo

Affix

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

Malay

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

See also

Navajo

Stem

Ojibwe

Noun

Derived terms

See also

References

Pipil

Suffix

Further reading

Turkish

Pronunciation

Suffix