Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷétwr̥dḱomt

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit

Alternative reconstructionsEdit

*kʷétwr̥̄ḱomt^[1]

EtymologyEdit

From *kʷetwr̥- (“four”) +‎ *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

NumeralEdit

**Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers**
< 30	40	50 >
Cardinal : kʷétwr̥dḱomt Ordinal* : *kʷetwr̥dḱm̥tós^[2]

*kʷétwr̥dḱomt^[3]

forty

DescendantsEdit

Proto-Armenian: (< *kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt)
- Old Armenian: քառասուն (kʿaṙasun)
  - Armenian: քառասուն (kʿaṙasun)
Proto-Hellenic: (< *kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt)
- Ancient Greek: τεσσαράκοντα (tessarákonta)
  - Greek: σαράντα (saránta)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čatwārHćát
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćatwārHśát
  - Sanskrit: चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśát)
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: चालीस (cālīs)
      - Urdu: چالیس‎ (cālīs)
- Proto-Iranian: *čatwārHcát
  - Persian: چهل‎ (čehel)
Proto-Italic:
- Latin: quadrāgintā (see there for further descendants)

ReferencesEdit

^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 418
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 238

[1] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 418

[Fortson_p132-2] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 238

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