Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Numeral

Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *dwóh₁     Ordinal : *h₂énteros     Adverbial : *dwís     Fractional : *sēmi     Prefix : *dwi-

*dwóh₁

1. two

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*dwóh₁	*dwéh₂h₁(e)
genitive	*?	*?
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	*dwóh₁	—
vocative	—	*dwóh₁	—
accusative	—	*dwóh₁	—
genitive	—	*?	—
ablative	—	*?	—
dative	—	*?	—
locative	—	*?	—
instrumental	—	*?	—
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	*dwéh₂h₁(e)	—
vocative	—	*dwéh₂h₁(e)	—
accusative	—	*dwéh₂h₁(e)	—
genitive	—	*?	—
ablative	—	*?	—
dative	—	*?	—
locative	—	*?	—
instrumental	—	*?	—
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	*dwóy(h₁)	—
vocative	—	*dwóy(h₁)	—
accusative	—	*dwóy(h₁)	—
genitive	—	*?	—
ablative	—	*?	—
dative	—	*?	—
locative	—	*?	—
instrumental	—	*?	—

Derived terms

• *dwi- (compounds)
• *dwís (adverb)
• *dwis-eh₂
  • Hellenic: [Term?]
    • Ancient Greek: διά (diá), δια- (dia-)
      • Greek: για (gia), διά (diá)
• *dwi(s)-k-to- ?
  • Hellenic: [Term?]
    • Ancient Greek: διχθά (dikhthá), δίχα (díkha), δισσός (dissós)
• *dwi-sk-
  • Armenian: [Term?]
    • Old Armenian: կից (kicʿ)
      • Armenian: կից (kicʿ), կիցք (kicʿkʿ)
      • →⇒ Old Georgian: შეკიცვაჲ (šeḳicvay)
• *dwi-gʰo-
  • Germanic: *twīgą (see there for further descendants)

Other formations:

• Germanic: *twinaz (see there for further descendants)
• Italic: [Term?]
  • Latin: bīnus (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Albanian: *duwō
  • Albanian: dy
• Armenian: [Term?]
  • Old Armenian: երկու (erku)
    • Armenian: երկու (erku), երկուս (erkus), երկուք (erkukʿ)
  • Old Armenian: կրկին (krkin) (exact path of derivation disputed)
    • Armenian: կրկին (krkin)
• Balto-Slavic: *duwō (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *dwau (see there for further descendants)
• Germanic: *twai (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: *dúwō (see there for further descendants)
• Indo-Iranian: *dwáH (see there for further descendants)
• Italic: *duō (see there for further descendants)
• Tocharian: [Term?]
  • Tocharian A: wu, we
  • Tocharian B: wi

References

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN