Wiktionary

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁óynos

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Alternative reconstructions

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Etymology

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    Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (“he, she, it”), in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα (ía, “one”), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.

    Alternative forms in PIE include *Hóywos, attested in Greek and Indo-Iranian (cf. Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)) and *Hóykos, attested only in Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit एक (éka)).

    Numeral

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    Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers
    1 2  > 
        Cardinal : *h₁óynos
        Ordinal : *pr̥h₂wós
        Adverbial : *somHós
        Fractional : *sēmi
        Prefix : *sm̥-

    *h₁óynos[3]

    1. one
    2. single
      Synonym: *sḗm

    Inflection

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    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *h₁óynos *h₁óyneh₂
    genitive *h₁óynosyo *h₁óyneh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *h₁óynos — —
    vocative *h₁óyne — —
    accusative *h₁óynom — —
    genitive *h₁óynosyo — —
    ablative *h₁óynead — —
    dative *h₁óynoey — —
    locative *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy — —
    instrumental *h₁óynoh₁ — —
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *h₁óyneh₂ — —
    vocative *h₁óyneh₂ — —
    accusative *h₁óynām — —
    genitive *h₁óyneh₂s — —
    ablative *h₁óyneh₂s — —
    dative *h₁óyneh₂ey — —
    locative *h₁óyneh₂, *h₁óyneh₂i — —
    instrumental *h₁óyneh₂h₁ — —
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *h₁óynom — —
    vocative *h₁óynom — —
    accusative *h₁óynom — —
    genitive *h₁óynosyo — —
    ablative *h₁óynead — —
    dative *h₁óynoey — —
    locative *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy — —
    instrumental *h₁óynoh₁ — —

    Reconstruction notes

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    The acute accent in Balto-Slavic could point to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form, but Derksen disagrees.[4]

    According to Arnaud Fournet, Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas is unique among all Indo-European languages and shows similarity with counterparts in Uralic languages.[5] Compare, however, Proto-Albanian *ne uka (whence Albanian nuk).

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Albanian: *ainja (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aiˀnas
    • Proto-Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *óynos
      • Ancient Greek: οἰνός (oinós, “the ace on dice”), οἴνη (oínē, “the ace on dice”)
    • Proto-Italic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)

    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁óynos
    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *óynos

    References

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    1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*oyno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 304-5
    2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 588
    3. ^ Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2104: “*(h₁)oi-no-”
    4. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “vienas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501
    5. ^ Fournet, Arnaud (2010) About the Mitanni-Aryan Gods, The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 38, Number 1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2010, p.27
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “ynas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201: “BSL *iʔnos; PIE *Hi-no-”

    Further reading

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    PIE numerals
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