Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tréyes

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Brugmann (1892: 464) suggested original meaning "middle (= protruding) finger", quoting Sanskrit तर्मन् (tarman, “the top of the sacrificial post”) (see *térmn̥) and Ancient Greek τέρθρον (térthron, “tip, end”). This idea was developed by Fay (1910: 416-17), who reconstructed *tri-sth₂-o-s (“tip finger”). In the first component he identified the locative *tr-í- “on-tip”, while the second ("stander") has also to form other finger names, e. g. Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hangúštʰas (“thumb”), Sanskrit कनिष्ठा (kaniṣṭhā, “little finger”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírštan (“finger”), etc.

The feminine *tisres is from **trisres, with the same feminine marker, -sr-, of *kʷétesres.

Numeral

Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : *tréyes     Ordinal : *tritós     Adverbial : *trís     Prefix : *tri-

*tréyes

1. three

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*tréyes	*tisres
genitive	*tr̥yóHom	*tisróHom
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*tréyes
vocative	—	—	*tréyes
accusative	—	—	*tríms
genitive	—	—	*tr̥yóHom
ablative	—	—	*trimós, *tribʰós
dative	—	—	*trimós, *tribʰós
locative	—	—	*trisú
instrumental	—	—	*trimís, *tribʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*tisres
vocative	—	—	*tisres
accusative	—	—	*tisrm̥s
genitive	—	—	*tisróHom
ablative	—	—	*tisr̥mós, *tisr̥bʰós
dative	—	—	*tisr̥mós, *tisr̥bʰós
locative	—	—	*tisr̥sú
instrumental	—	—	*tisr̥mís, *tisr̥bʰís
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*tríh₂
vocative	—	—	*tríh₂
accusative	—	—	*tríh₂
genitive	—	—	*tr̥yóHom
ablative	—	—	*trimós, *tribʰós
dative	—	—	*trimós, *tribʰós
locative	—	—	*trisú
instrumental	—	—	*trimís, *tribʰís

Derived terms

• *tri- (compounds)
• *trís
• *tritós
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: τρίτος (trítos)
• *tr̥tyos
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tirtias, *tretias
    • Lithuanian: trẽčias
    • Latvian: trešais
    • Proto-Slavic: *tretь (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *þridjô (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: तृतीय (tṛtīya)
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: tertius

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *treje (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Anatolian: *trḗs
  • Hittite: [script needed] (tri-), [script needed] (teri-janna-, “the third time”)
  • Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊁𐊆 (trei)
  • Luwian: 𔑰𔖱𔓯 (tara/i-)
  • Milyan: 𐊗𐊕𐊆- (tri-)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: երեք (erekʻ)
    • Armenian: երեք (erekʻ)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tríjes (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *trīs (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *þrīz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *tréyes (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tráyas (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *trēs (see there for further descendants)
• Messapic: [script needed] (tri-)
• Phrygian: θρί- (thrí-)
• Proto-Tocharian: *treyä (see there for further descendants)