acobardar

Portuguese

Etymology

From a- +‎ cobarde (“coward”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ko.baʁˈda(ʁ)/ [a.ko.baɦˈda(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ko.baʁˈda(ʁ)/ [a.ko.baɦˈda(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.ko.baɾˈda(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.ko.baʁˈda(ʁ)/ [a.ko.baʁˈda(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ko.baɻˈda(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ku.bɐɾˈdaɾ/ [ɐ.ku.βɐɾˈðaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ku.bɐɾˈdaɾ/ [ɐ.ku.βɐɾˈðaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ku.bɐɾˈda.ɾi/ [ɐ.ku.βɐɾˈða.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: a‧co‧bar‧dar

Verb

acobardar (first-person singular present acobardo, first-person singular preterite acobardei, past participle acobardado)

1. to frighten

Conjugation

    Conjugation of acobardar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	acobardar
Personal	acobardar	acobardares	acobardar	acobardarmos	acobardardes	acobardarem
Gerund
	acobardando
Past participle
Masculine	acobardado			acobardados
Feminine	acobardada			acobardadas
Indicative
Present	acobardo	acobardas	acobarda	acobardamos	acobardais	acobardam
Imperfect	acobardava	acobardavas	acobardava	acobardávamos	acobardáveis	acobardavam
Preterite	acobardei	acobardaste	acobardou	acobardamos1, acobardámos2	acobardastes	acobardaram
Pluperfect	acobardara	acobardaras	acobardara	acobardáramos	acobardáreis	acobardaram
Future	acobardarei	acobardarás	acobardará	acobardaremos	acobardareis	acobardarão
Conditional	acobardaria	acobardarias	acobardaria	acobardaríamos	acobardaríeis	acobardariam
Subjunctive
Present	acobarde	acobardes	acobarde	acobardemos	acobardeis	acobardem
Imperfect	acobardasse	acobardasses	acobardasse	acobardássemos	acobardásseis	acobardassem
Future	acobardar	acobardares	acobardar	acobardarmos	acobardardes	acobardarem
Imperative
Affirmative		acobarda	acobarde	acobardemos	acobardai	acobardem
Negative (não)		não acobardes	não acobarde	não acobardemos	não acobardeis	não acobardem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From a- +‎ cobarde (“coward”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /akobaɾˈdaɾ/ [a.ko.β̞aɾˈð̞aɾ]

• Audio (Venezuela):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: a‧co‧bar‧dar

Verb

acobardar (first-person singular present acobardo, first-person singular preterite acobardé, past participle acobardado)

1. (transitive) to daunt, to frighten, to scare

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:asustar

2. (reflexive) to be frightened, scared, daunted

   Synonym: asustarse

3. (reflexive) to cower

Conjugation

    Conjugation of acobardar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			acobardar
gerund			acobardando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		acobardado		acobardada
		plural		acobardados		acobardadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	acobardo	acobardastú acobardásvos	acobarda	acobardamos	acobardáis	acobardan
	imperfect	acobardaba	acobardabas	acobardaba	acobardábamos	acobardabais	acobardaban
	preterite	acobardé	acobardaste	acobardó	acobardamos	acobardasteis	acobardaron
	future	acobardaré	acobardarás	acobardará	acobardaremos	acobardaréis	acobardarán
	conditional	acobardaría	acobardarías	acobardaría	acobardaríamos	acobardaríais	acobardarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	acobarde	acobardestú acobardésvos2	acobarde	acobardemos	acobardéis	acobarden
	imperfect (ra)	acobardara	acobardaras	acobardara	acobardáramos	acobardarais	acobardaran
	imperfect (se)	acobardase	acobardases	acobardase	acobardásemos	acobardaseis	acobardasen
	future1	acobardare	acobardares	acobardare	acobardáremos	acobardareis	acobardaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		acobardatú acobardávos	acobarde	acobardemos	acobardad	acobarden
	negative		no acobardes	no acobarde	no acobardemos	no acobardéis	no acobarden

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of acobardar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive acobardar
	dative	acobardarme	acobardarte	acobardarle, acobardarse	acobardarnos	acobardaros	acobardarles, acobardarse
	accusative	acobardarme	acobardarte	acobardarlo, acobardarla, acobardarse	acobardarnos	acobardaros	acobardarlos, acobardarlas, acobardarse
with gerund acobardando
	dative	acobardándome	acobardándote	acobardándole, acobardándose	acobardándonos	acobardándoos	acobardándoles, acobardándose
	accusative	acobardándome	acobardándote	acobardándolo, acobardándola, acobardándose	acobardándonos	acobardándoos	acobardándolos, acobardándolas, acobardándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative acobarda
	dative	acobárdame	acobárdate	acobárdale	acobárdanos	not used	acobárdales
	accusative	acobárdame	acobárdate	acobárdalo, acobárdala	acobárdanos	not used	acobárdalos, acobárdalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative acobardá
	dative	acobardame	acobardate	acobardale	acobardanos	not used	acobardales
	accusative	acobardame	acobardate	acobardalo, acobardala	acobardanos	not used	acobardalos, acobardalas
with formal second-person singular imperative acobarde
	dative	acobárdeme	not used	acobárdele, acobárdese	acobárdenos	not used	acobárdeles
	accusative	acobárdeme	not used	acobárdelo, acobárdela, acobárdese	acobárdenos	not used	acobárdelos, acobárdelas
with first-person plural imperative acobardemos
	dative	not used	acobardémoste	acobardémosle	acobardémonos	acobardémoos	acobardémosles
	accusative	not used	acobardémoste	acobardémoslo, acobardémosla	acobardémonos	acobardémoos	acobardémoslos, acobardémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative acobardad
	dative	acobardadme	not used	acobardadle	acobardadnos	acobardaos	acobardadles
	accusative	acobardadme	not used	acobardadlo, acobardadla	acobardadnos	acobardaos	acobardadlos, acobardadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative acobarden
	dative	acobárdenme	not used	acobárdenle	acobárdennos	not used	acobárdenles, acobárdense
	accusative	acobárdenme	not used	acobárdenlo, acobárdenla	acobárdennos	not used	acobárdenlos, acobárdenlas, acobárdense

Derived terms

• acobardamiento

 

See also

• achicarse
• ciscarse

Further reading

• “acobardar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014