Wiktionary

normal

See also: Normal and normál

English Edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology Edit

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin.[1][2][3][4] The earliest use of the word in English was to mean "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”),[1][5] but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive:[5] in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height and weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be referred to as "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.[6]

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

  1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.
    Organize the data into third normal form.
    • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
      Prescription drugs, they help me through the day
      And that restraining order keeps me well at bay
      And what's normal now, anyway?
    • 2014, Michael Rush, Politics & Society, Routledge, →ISBN, page 210:
      In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not a normal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties. […] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were not normal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.
    1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bn possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.
        A number whose individual digits in a given base representation follow a uniform distribution is said to be simply normal.
        A number that is normal for every base b ≥ 2 is said to be absolutely normal.
      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has a normal distribution; which is associated with a random variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
  2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.
    John is feeling normal again.
  3. (education, of a school) teaching teachers how to teach (to certain norms)
    My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School.
  4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
  5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
  6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (see normal mode).
  7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
  9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface.
    The interior normal vector of an ideal perfect sphere will always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both will always be co-linear with the ray whose' tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes Edit

  • When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms Edit

Antonyms Edit

Derived terms Edit

Related terms Edit

Translations Edit

Noun Edit

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

  2. (geometry) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
  3. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid.
    • 2014, Ahmet Celik, Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz, Relation between the new anthropometric obesity parameters and inflammatory markers in healthy adult men‎[1], SCIRJ:
      Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, and normals, overweights and obeses according to BMI.
  4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
  5. (countable, uncountable) The usual state.
    His workload is now back to normal.
    Heavy workload is the new normal.

Synonyms Edit

Translations Edit

References Edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “normal”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  2. ^ “normal”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  3. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “normal”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^ “normal”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories (1991, →ISBN), age 321
  6. ^ Brent Davis, Dennis Sumara, Complexity and Education (2014, →ISBN)

Anagrams Edit

Asturian Edit

Adjective Edit

normal (epicene, plural normales)

  1. normal

Catalan Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowed from French normal.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normals)

  1. normal
    Antonym: anormal

Derived terms Edit

Further reading Edit

French Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. Synchronically analysable as norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

  1. normal (according to norms, usual)
  2. (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
  3. okay, alright
    Antonym: anormal

Derived terms Edit

Related terms Edit

Further reading Edit

German Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-]
  • Rhymes: -aːl
  • Audio(file)

Adjective Edit

normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

  1. ordinary, normal
    völlig normal. ― completely normal.

Declension Edit

Positive forms of normal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist normal sie ist normal es ist normal sie sind normal
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative normaler normale normales normale
genitive normalen normaler normalen normaler
dative normalem normaler normalem normalen
accusative normalen normale normales normale
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der normale die normale das normale die normalen
genitive des normalen der normalen des normalen der normalen
dative dem normalen der normalen dem normalen den normalen
accusative den normalen die normale das normale die normalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein normaler eine normale ein normales (keine) normalen
genitive eines normalen einer normalen eines normalen (keiner) normalen
dative einem normalen einer normalen einem normalen (keinen) normalen
accusative einen normalen eine normale ein normales (keine) normalen
Comparative forms of normal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist normaler sie ist normaler es ist normaler sie sind normaler
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative normalerer normalere normaleres normalere
genitive normaleren normalerer normaleren normalerer
dative normalerem normalerer normalerem normaleren
accusative normaleren normalere normaleres normalere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der normalere die normalere das normalere die normaleren
genitive des normaleren der normaleren des normaleren der normaleren
dative dem normaleren der normaleren dem normaleren den normaleren
accusative den normaleren die normalere das normalere die normaleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein normalerer eine normalere ein normaleres (keine) normaleren
genitive eines normaleren einer normaleren eines normaleren (keiner) normaleren
dative einem normaleren einer normaleren einem normaleren (keinen) normaleren
accusative einen normaleren eine normalere ein normaleres (keine) normaleren
Superlative forms of normal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am normalsten sie ist am normalsten es ist am normalsten sie sind am normalsten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative normalster normalste normalstes normalste
genitive normalsten normalster normalsten normalster
dative normalstem normalster normalstem normalsten
accusative normalsten normalste normalstes normalste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der normalste die normalste das normalste die normalsten
genitive des normalsten der normalsten des normalsten der normalsten
dative dem normalsten der normalsten dem normalsten den normalsten
accusative den normalsten die normalste das normalste die normalsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein normalster eine normalste ein normalstes (keine) normalsten
genitive eines normalsten einer normalsten eines normalsten (keiner) normalsten
dative einem normalsten einer normalsten einem normalsten (keinen) normalsten
accusative einen normalsten eine normalste ein normalstes (keine) normalsten

Derived terms Edit

Adverb Edit

normal

  1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion
    Er hat sich ganz normal benommen.
    He behaved quite normally.
  2. (colloquial) Alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general
    Normal geh ich früh ins Bett.
    I normally go to bed early.

Interjection Edit

normal

  1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial
    Du hast mit zwölf schon geraucht? ― Normal.
    You already smoked at twelve? ― Sure.

Further reading Edit

  • “normal” in Duden online
  • “normal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal

  1. normal

Declension Edit

Declension of normal
masculine feminine neuter plural
Weak inflection nominative normal normal normal normale
accusative normale normal normal normale
dative normale normale normale normale
Strong inflection nominative normaler normale normales normale
accusative normale normale normales normale
dative normalem normaler normalem normale
Note: The actual adjective endings used by everyday speakers are quite irregular and vary from one to another. The above relationship is proposed based on the declension of existing adjectives in standard German and other varieties and adapted to the endings expected in a regular evolution of Rhenish and Palatine dialects.

Further reading Edit

Interlingua Edit

Adjective Edit

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

  1. normal
    Antonym: anormal

Irish Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun Edit

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

  1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension Edit

Declension of normal

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative normal normail
Vocative a normail a normala
Genitive normail normal
Dative normal normail

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an normal na normail
Genitive an normail na normal
Dative leis an normal

don normal

leis na normail

Derived terms Edit

Further reading Edit

Ladin Edit

Adjective Edit

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

  1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål Edit

Etymology Edit

From Latin normālis.

Adjective Edit

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

  1. normal, ordinary
    Antonym: unormal

Derived terms Edit

References Edit

Norwegian Nynorsk Edit

Etymology Edit

From Latin normālis.

Adjective Edit

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

  1. normal, ordinary
    Antonym: unormal

Derived terms Edit

References Edit

Portuguese Edit

Etymology Edit

Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al.

Pronunciation Edit

 

  • (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): [nɔɦˈmaw]
  • (Rural Central Brazil) IPA(key): [nuɹˈmaw]
  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective Edit

normal m or f (plural normais)

  1. normal, standard, regular
  2. (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms Edit

Related terms Edit

Romanian Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

  1. normal

Related terms Edit

Adverb Edit

normal

  1. normally
  2. of course, obviously
    Synonyms: evident, logic
    Normal că mi-e foame.
    Of course I'm hungry.

Spanish Edit

Etymology Edit

From Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /noɾˈmal/ [noɾˈmal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective Edit

normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normales)

  1. normal, standard, regular, fine
    Synonyms: regular, común
    Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común
    A mi me parece normal.
    It seems fine to me.
  2. (geometry) perpendicular
    Synonym: perpendicular
    Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms Edit

Related terms Edit

Noun Edit

normal f (plural normales)

  1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Further reading Edit

Swedish Edit

Etymology Edit

From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

  1. normal
    Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension Edit

Inflection of normal
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular normal normalare normalast
Neuter singular normalt normalare normalast
Plural normala normalare normalast
Masculine plural3 normale normalare normalast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 normale normalare normalaste
All normala normalare normalaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Related terms Edit

Noun Edit

normal c

  1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)
    Antonym: tangent

Declension Edit

Declension of normal 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative normal normalen normaler normalerna
Genitive normals normalens normalers normalernas

References Edit

Tagalog Edit

Etymology Edit

Each pronunciation has a different source:

Pronunciation Edit

  • Hyphenation: nor‧mal
  • IPA(key): /noɾˈmal/, [noɾˈmal] (Spanish influence)
  • IPA(key): /ˈnoɾmal/, [ˈnoɾ.mɐl] (English influence)

Adjective Edit

normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

  1. normal
    Synonyms: karaniwan, regular

Related terms Edit

Further reading Edit

Turkish Edit

Etymology Edit

From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

normal

  1. normal
  2. regular
  3. usual

Declension Edit

predicative forms of normal
present tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I am) normalim normal miyim? normal değilim normal değil miyim?
sen (you are) normalsin normal misin? normal değilsin normal değil misin?
o (he/she/it is) normal / normaldir normal mi? normal değil normal değil mi?
biz (we are) normaliz normal miyiz? normal değiliz normal değil miyiz?
siz (you are) normalsiniz normal misiniz? normal değilsiniz normal değil misiniz?
onlar (they are) normal(ler) normal(ler) mi? normal değil(ler) normal değiller mi?
past tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) normaldim normal miydim? normal değildim normal değil miydim?
sen (you were) normaldin normal miydin? normal değildin normal değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was) normaldi normal miydi? normal değildi normal değil miydi?
biz (we were) normaldik normal miydik? normal değildik normal değil miydik?
siz (you were) normaldiniz normal miydiniz? normal değildiniz normal değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were) normaldiler normal miydiler? normal değildi(ler) / değillerdi normal değil miydiler?
indirect past
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) normalmişim normal miymişim? normal değilmişim normal değil miymişim?
sen (you were) normalmişsin normal miymişsin? normal değilmişsin normal değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was) normalmiş normal miymiş? normal değilmiş normal değil miymiş?
biz (we were) normalmişiz normal miymişiz? normal değilmişiz normal değil miymişiz?
siz (you were) normalmişsiniz normal miymişsiniz? normal değilmişsiniz normal değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were) normalmişler normal miymişler? normal değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş normal değil miymişler?
conditional
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (if I) normalsem normal miysem? normal değilsem normal değil miysem?
sen (if you) normalsen normal miysen? normal değilsen normal değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it) normalse normal miyse? normal değilse normal değil miyse?
biz (if we) normalsek normal miysek? normal değilsek normal değil miysek?
siz (if you) normalseniz normal miyseniz? normal değilseniz normal değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they) normalseler normal miyseler? normal değilseler / değillerse normal değil miyseler?

Noun Edit

normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable)

  1. normal (usual state)
  2. standard

Declension Edit

Inflection
Nominative normal
Definite accusative normali
Singular Plural
Nominative normal —
Definite accusative normali —
Dative normale —
Locative normalde —
Ablative normalden —
Genitive normalin —

Derived terms Edit

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=normal&oldid=75776906"