normal

See also: Normal and normál

Contents

English

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔːməl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔɹməl/
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl

• Audio (GA)

  (file)

Adjective

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

1. according to norms or rules

   Organize the data into third normal form.

2. healthy; not sick or ill

   John is feeling normal again.

3. (education, of a school) teaching teachers how to teach (to certain norms)

   My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School.

4. (chemistry) of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution
5. (organic chemistry) describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon
6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) in which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (see normal mode)
7. (rail transport, of points) in the default position, set for the most frequently used route
8. (geometry) perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface
   • The interior normal vector of an ideal perfect sphere will always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both will always be co-linear with the ray whose' tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.
9. (mathematics) adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
   1. (of a real number) whose digits, in any base representation, enjoy a uniform distribution
   2. (algebra, of a subgroup) with cosets which form a group
   3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K
   4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution
   5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) which has a normal distribution; which is associated with random variable that has a normal distribution
   6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) which is pre-compact
   7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology
   8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) which commutes with its conjugate transpose
   9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) which commutes with its adjoint
   10. (category theory) being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively
   11. (topology, of a topology) in which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods

Usage notes

• Warning: normal, when used to describe a majority group of people, can be considered offensive to those who do not consider membership of their own minority to be unusual. Care should be taken when juxtaposing normal, particularly with stereotypical labels, to avoid undue insult.

Synonyms

• (usual): conventional, ordinary, standard, usual, regular, average, expected, natural
• (healthy): hale, healthy, well
• (perpendicular): at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal
• (statistics): Gaussian, standard normal

Antonyms

• (usual): unconventional, nonstandard, unusual
• (healthy): ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell
• (perpendicular): tangential
• (rail transport): reverse

Derived terms

• abnormal
• centinormal
• conormal
• new normal
• normalcy
• normalise, normalize
• normality
• normally
• normal school
• normal vector
• orthonormal
• paranormal
• subnormal
• supernormal
• ultranormal

 

Related terms

• norm

Translations

according to norms or rules

• Arabic: عَادِيّ‎ (ʿādiyy)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 正常 (zing³ soeng⁴)

  Mandarin: 正常 (zh) (zhèngcháng), 通常 (zh) (tōngcháng), 常態 (zh) (chángtài de)

• Czech: normální (cs)
• Danish: normal (da), almindelig (da)
• Finnish: säännönmukainen (fi)
• French: normal (fr)
• German: normal (de)
• Greek: φυσιολογικός (el) (fysiologikós)
• Hebrew: נורמלי‎ m (normáli)
• Hungarian: rendes (hu), normál (hu)
• Ido: normala (io)

• Italian: normale (it)
• Japanese: 正常 (ja) (せいじょう, seijō), 通常 (ja) (つうじょう, tsūjō), 常態 (ja) (じょうたい, jōtai)
• Latin: normalis
• Latvian: normāls, parasts
• Macedonian: нормален (normalen)
• Maltese: normali m
• Old English: ġewunelīċ
• Persian: نرمال‎ (fa) (normâl)
• Polish: normalny (pl)
• Portuguese: normal (pt) n
• Romanian: normal (ro)
• Russian: норма́льный (ru) (normálʹnyj)
• Spanish: normal (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)

usual, ordinary

• Albanian: please add this translation if you can
• Arabic: عَادِيّ‎ (ʿādiyy), طَبِيعِيّ‎ (ar) (ṭabīʿiyy)
• Armenian: հասարակ (hy) (hasarak), նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 正常 (zh) (zhèngcháng)

• Czech: normální (cs)
• Dutch: normaal (nl), normale (nl), gewoon (nl), gewone (nl)
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: harilik
• Finnish: säännöllinen (fi)
• French: normal (fr)
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: normal (de)
• Greek: φυσιολογικός (el) (fysiologikós)
• Haitian Creole: nòmal
• Hebrew: רגיל‎ (he) m (ragíl)
• Hindi: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: rendes (hu), szokványos (hu), szokásos (hu), megszokott (hu), mindennapos (hu), átlagos (hu)
• Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
• Indonesian: normal (id), biasa (id)

• Irish: normálta, gnáth-, gnách
• Italian: normale (it)
• Japanese: 普通 (ja) (ふつう, futsū)
• Khmer: ធម្មតា (km) (tʰoammeaʔdaa)
• Korean: 정상의 (ko) (jeongsang-ui)
• Latvian: parasts, ierasts, pierasts, normāls
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Maori: pūnoa
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Nepali: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: normal (no), ordinær (no), vanlig (no), alminnelig (no)
• Old English: ġewunelīċ
• Persian: نرمال‎ (fa) (normâl)
• Polish: normalny (pl), zwykły (pl), zwyczajny (pl)
• Portuguese: normal (pt)
• Romanian: obișnuit (ro), normal (ro), uzual (ro)
• Russian: норма́льный (ru) (normálʹnyj), обыкнове́нный (ru) (obyknovénnyj), обы́чный (ru) (obýčnyj)
• Spanish: normal (es)
• Swedish: normal (sv)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Tibetan: རྒྱུན་ཆགས (rgyun chags), རྒྱུན་འཇགས (rgyun 'jags), རྒྱུན་གཏན (rgyun gtan), རྒྱུན་ཚུགས (rgyun tshugs), རྒྱུན་འཛུགས (rgyun 'dzugs)
• Vietnamese: bình thường (vi)

healthy; not sick or ill

• Armenian: նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Czech: normální (cs)
• Danish: rask (da)
• Finnish: normaali (fi)

• Hungarian: jól (hu)
• Indonesian: normal (id), sehat (id)
• Persian: نرمال‎ (fa) (normâl)
• Spanish: normal (es), bien (es), sano (es) m
• Swedish: normal (sv)

pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 师范 (zh) (shīfàn)

• Dutch: normaal (nl)
• Hungarian: tanárképző

of points: in the default position

• Catalan: normal (ca)

Noun

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

1. (geometry) a line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
2. (slang, countable) a person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
3. (uncountable) the usual state.

   His workload is now back to normal.

   Heavy workload is the new normal.

Synonyms

• (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer

Translations

mathematics: a line perpendicular to another

• Armenian: նորմալ (hy) (normal)
• Catalan: normal (ca)
• Estonian: normaal
• Finnish: normaali (fi)
• French: normale (fr) f
• German: Normale (de) f
• Greek: κάθετος (el) f (káthetos)
• Hungarian: normális (hu)

• Irish: normal m
• Japanese: 法線 (ほうせん,hōsen)
• Latvian: perpendikuls m, normāle f
• Maori: rārangi hāngai
• Portuguese: normal (pt) f
• Russian: норма́ль (ru) f (normálʹ)
• Spanish: normal (es) f
• Swedish: normal (sv) c

Anagrams

• Marlon, Molnar, Morlan

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Catalan

Etymology

From French normal.

Adjective

normal (masculine and feminine plural normals)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin normālis. Synchronically analysable as norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔʁ.mal/

• audio

  (file)

Adjective

normal (feminine singular normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

1. normal (according to norms, usual, pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach)

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

• normalement
• normalisation
• normaliser
• normalité
• supernormal
• ultranormal

 

Related terms

• norme

Further reading

• “normal” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔʁˈmaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

normal (comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

1. normal

Declension

Positive forms of normal

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist normal	sie ist normal	es ist normal	sie sind normal
strong declension (without article)	nominative	normaler	normale	normales	normale
	genitive	normalen	normaler	normalen	normaler
	dative	normalem	normaler	normalem	normalen
	accusative	normalen	normale	normales	normale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der normale	die normale	das normale	die normalen
	genitive	des normalen	der normalen	des normalen	der normalen
	dative	dem normalen	der normalen	dem normalen	den normalen
	accusative	den normalen	die normale	das normale	die normalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein normaler	eine normale	ein normales	(keine) normalen
	genitive	eines normalen	einer normalen	eines normalen	(keiner) normalen
	dative	einem normalen	einer normalen	einem normalen	(keinen) normalen
	accusative	einen normalen	eine normale	ein normales	(keine) normalen

Comparative forms of normal

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist normaler	sie ist normaler	es ist normaler	sie sind normaler
strong declension (without article)	nominative	normalerer	normalere	normaleres	normalere
	genitive	normaleren	normalerer	normaleren	normalerer
	dative	normalerem	normalerer	normalerem	normaleren
	accusative	normaleren	normalere	normaleres	normalere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der normalere	die normalere	das normalere	die normaleren
	genitive	des normaleren	der normaleren	des normaleren	der normaleren
	dative	dem normaleren	der normaleren	dem normaleren	den normaleren
	accusative	den normaleren	die normalere	das normalere	die normaleren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein normalerer	eine normalere	ein normaleres	(keine) normaleren
	genitive	eines normaleren	einer normaleren	eines normaleren	(keiner) normaleren
	dative	einem normaleren	einer normaleren	einem normaleren	(keinen) normaleren
	accusative	einen normaleren	eine normalere	ein normaleres	(keine) normaleren

Superlative forms of normal

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist am normalsten	sie ist am normalsten	es ist am normalsten	sie sind am normalsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	normalster	normalste	normalstes	normalste
	genitive	normalsten	normalster	normalsten	normalster
	dative	normalstem	normalster	normalstem	normalsten
	accusative	normalsten	normalste	normalstes	normalste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der normalste	die normalste	das normalste	die normalsten
	genitive	des normalsten	der normalsten	des normalsten	der normalsten
	dative	dem normalsten	der normalsten	dem normalsten	den normalsten
	accusative	den normalsten	die normalste	das normalste	die normalsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein normalster	eine normalste	ein normalstes	(keine) normalsten
	genitive	eines normalsten	einer normalsten	eines normalsten	(keiner) normalsten
	dative	einem normalsten	einer normalsten	einem normalsten	(keinen) normalsten
	accusative	einen normalsten	eine normalste	ein normalstes	(keine) normalsten

Derived terms

• normalerweise
• stinknormal

 

Further reading

• normal in Duden online

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Interlingua

Adjective

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

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Irish

Etymology

Borrowing from English.

Noun

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension

Declension of normal

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative normal normail Vocative a normail a normala Genitive normail normal Dative normal normail

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an normal na normail Genitive an normail na normal Dative leis an normal don normal leis na normail

Derived terms

• aonadnormal m (“unit normal”)
• normalach (“normal”, adjective)
• normalacht f (“normality”)

 

Further reading

• "normal" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “normal” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Ladin

Adjective

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

1. normal

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

• normalspor, normalsporet
• normaltid

 

References

• “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

• normalspor
• normaltid

 

References

• “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin normālis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɔɾ.ˈmaɫ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /noʁ.ˈmaw/
• Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

normal m or f (plural normais, comparable)

1. normal, standard, regular

Related terms

• norma

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal, Latin normālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /norˈmal/

Adjective

normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

1. normal

Adverb

normal

1. normally

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Spanish

Adjective

normal (plural normales)

1. normal, standard, regular

   Synonyms: regular, común

   Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común

2. (geometry) perpendicular

   Synonym: perpendicular

   Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Noun

normal f (plural normales)

1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Related terms

• norma
• normalidad
• normalista
• refresco normal

 

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Swedish

Etymology

From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

1. normal

   Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension

Inflection of normal
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	normal	normalare	normalast
Neuter singular	normalt	normalare	normalast
Plural	normala	normalare	normalast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	normale	normalare	normalaste
All	normala	normalare	normalaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.

Related terms

• normalisera

Noun

normal c

1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)

   Antonym: tangent

Declension

Declension of normal
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	normal	normalen	normaler	normalerna
Genitive	normals	normalens	normalers	normalernas

References

• normal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok online.