clavis
English
editEtymology
editFrom Latin clāvis (“a key”). Doublet of clef.
Pronunciation
edit- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkleɪ.vɪs/, /ˈklɑv.ɪs/
Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -eɪvɪs
- Rhymes: -ævɪs
Noun
editclavis (plural clavises or claves)
- (archaeology) A Roman key.
- Synonym: key
- 1873, “Proceedings of the Association”, in Journal of the British Archaeological Association[1], volume 29, April 9th, page 202:
- Iron clavis, the solid web-shaped at the edges to fit the wards in the lock, and having a pointed broach and a kite-formed looped haft.
- A device for restraint of the hands.
- Synonym: shackles
- 1904, B. O. Flower, “Editorials”, in B. O. Flower, editor, The Arena[2], volume 32, VI. Dr. Bell shows how hopeless insanity was a fruit of public parsimony, page 540, column 2:
- His hands were restrained by means of a clavis and bolt (of iron), appropriated to each wrist, and united by a padlock.
- A glossary.
- Synonyms: glossary, idioticon, vocabulary
- 1784 July 12, William Cowper, “To the Rev. William Unwin.”, in Robert Southey, editor, The Works of William Cowper, with a Life of the Author[3], volume 5, published 1836, page 54:
- Homer, with a clavis, I have had possession of some years.
- (taxonomy) A key; an identification guide; a series of logically organized groups of discriminating information which aims to allow the user to correctly identify a taxon.
- Synonyms: identification guide, conspectus, key
- 1921, Alexander Irvine, “Short Notes: Rosa spinosissima×rubiginosa×f. cantiana, forma nova”, in Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, volume 59, number 702, page 180:
- There are many disadvantages in using a clavis intended for another country, which necessarily includes plants that are absent from our islands while it omits some that are present and neglects the peculiarities of our island flora.
Related terms
editTranslations
editgroups of information used for identifying a taxon
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References
edit- “clavis”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Anagrams
editCatalan
editVerb
editclavis
Latin
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Italic *klāwis. Either a secondary i-stem derivation of the Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”) which gave also Latin clāvus (“nail”), an inherited Indo-European word originally denoting an instrument for unlocking doors, or a loanword from dialectal Ancient Greek *κλᾱϝίς (*klāwís) (Classical κλείς (kleís)), from the same Proto-Indo-European root.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈklaː.u̯is/, [ˈkɫ̪äːu̯ɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkla.vis/, [ˈkläːvis]
Noun
editclāvis f (genitive clāvis); third declension
- a key
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 24:
- Post hanc orationem claves portarum pecuniaeque regiae ante pedes eorum posuit.
- After this discourse he laid the keys of the gates and of the royal treasure at their feet.
- Post hanc orationem claves portarum pecuniaeque regiae ante pedes eorum posuit.
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iudicum.3.25:
- […] et videntes quod nullus aperiret tulerunt clavem et aperientes invenerunt dominum suum iacentem in terra mortuum
- […] and, behold, he did not open the doors; therefore they took a key and opened [the doors] to enter [but] their lord was lying dead on the ground.
- […] et videntes quod nullus aperiret tulerunt clavem et aperientes invenerunt dominum suum iacentem in terra mortuum
- Ellipsis of clāvis trochī.: an instrument in the form of a key, by which a top was set in motion
- a lever or bar for tightening a screw press
- Synonym: clāvis torculārī
- 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 13:
- […] seriam vinariam unam, clavem torculari I […]
Usage notes
editNot to be confused with clāva (“a staff, cudgel, club”) or clāvus (“a nail”).
Declension
editThird-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | clāvis | clāvēs |
Genitive | clāvis | clāvium |
Dative | clāvī | clāvibus |
Accusative | clāvem clāvim |
clāvēs clāvīs |
Ablative | clāve clāvī |
clāvibus |
Vocative | clāvis | clāvēs |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: crae
- Borrowings:
See also
editReferences
edit- “clavis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “clavis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- clavis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- clavis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “clavis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “clavis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Etymology 2
editNoun
editclāvīs
Etymology 3
editNoun
editclāvīs
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
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- English doublets
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- Rhymes:English/eɪvɪs
- Rhymes:English/eɪvɪs/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/ævɪs
- Rhymes:English/ævɪs/2 syllables
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