gemma
See also: Gemma
English edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.
Noun edit
gemma (plural gemmas or gemmae)
- (biology) An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud.
- Synonym: (archaic) gemmule
- 1969, Rudolf Mathias Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume 1, Columbia University Press, page 527:
- I know of no other genera with such intramarginal formation of true gemmae.
- 1990, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, page 2:
- Gemmae are frequently longer than wide or of irregular shape.
According to Degenkolbe, gemmae-bearing leaves are always different in form from normal leaves.
- 2005, R. N. Chopra, Biology of Bryophytes, page 32:
- In Marchantia polymorpha, high temperature promotes germination of gemmae (Dacknowski, 1907), and heat absorbed by the gemmae accelerates their germination (Fitting, 1942).
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
asexual reproductive structure
Anagrams edit
Bavarian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
First person plural of geh + ma (unstressed form of first person plural nominative mia). Literally, “go we”.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gemma
Interjection edit
gemma
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gemma f (plural gemmes)
Further reading edit
- “gemma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Interlingua edit
Noun edit
gemma (plural gemmas)
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
gemma f (plural gemme)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
gemma
- inflection of gemmare:
Further reading edit
- gemma in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Unknown. Possibilities include:
- Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;[1][2]
- From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);
- From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;
- A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡem.ma/, [ˈɡɛmːä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒem.ma/, [ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]
Noun edit
gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension
Declension edit
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | gemma | gemmae |
Genitive | gemmae | gemmārum |
Dative | gemmae | gemmīs |
Accusative | gemmam | gemmās |
Ablative | gemmā | gemmīs |
Vocative | gemma | gemmae |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Asturian: xema, ema
- Catalan: gemma
- Danish: gemme
- French: gemme
- → Romanian: gemă
- → English: gemma (learned)
- → Interlingua: gemma
- Italian: gemma
- → Russian: гемма (gemma)
- Old Galician-Portuguese: gema
- Old Spanish: yema
- → Spanish: gema (learned)
- → Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)
- → Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gemma”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257: “PIE *ǵeb-m-”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zębnǫti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 543
Further reading edit
- “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gemma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- gemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
- the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
- “gemma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “gemma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin