hoffen
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German hoffen (12th c.), from northern Old High German *hoffōn, from Proto-West Germanic *hopōn. It is uncertain whether the (unattested but probable) Old High German form was inherited or rather borrowed from Old Dutch hopon with implementation of the High German consonantism (which was then still entirely predictable). In fact, some scholars consider that all continental forms go back to Old English hopian, introduced as a religious term by Anglo-Saxon missionaries. The word was at any rate absent from Upper German, where it only established itself in later Middle High German, gradually displacing the now obsolete gedingen. See English hope for more.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edithoffen (weak, third-person singular present hofft, past tense hoffte, past participle gehofft, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to hope [with auf (+ accusative) ‘for something’]
Conjugation
editinfinitive | hoffen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | hoffend | ||||
past participle | gehofft | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich hoffe | wir hoffen | i | ich hoffe | wir hoffen |
du hoffst | ihr hofft | du hoffest | ihr hoffet | ||
er hofft | sie hoffen | er hoffe | sie hoffen | ||
preterite | ich hoffte | wir hofften | ii | ich hoffte1 | wir hofften1 |
du hofftest | ihr hofftet | du hofftest1 | ihr hofftet1 | ||
er hoffte | sie hofften | er hoffte1 | sie hofften1 | ||
imperative | hoff (du) hoffe (du) |
hofft (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editLuxembourgish
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German hoffen, eventually from Proto-West Germanic *hopōn. The Luxembourgish form would require an anomalous Middle High German *huffen, which is possible since the word was originally rare in High German and is even thought to be an early borrowing from Low Franconian or Saxon. However, it is perhaps more likely that the modern vocalism is due to influence by German hoffen (given the word’s frequent use in religious contexts).
Pronunciation
editVerb
edithoffen (third-person singular present hofft, past participle gehofft, auxiliary verb hunn)
- to hope
Conjugation
editRegular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | hoffen | |
participle | gehofft | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | hoffen | — |
2nd singular | hoffs | hoff |
3rd singular | hofft | — |
1st plural | hoffen | — |
2nd plural | hofft | hofft |
3rd plural | hoffen | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Derived terms
editWelsh
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
edithoffen (not mutable)
- inflection of hoffi:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Old Dutch
- German terms derived from Old English
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms derived from German
- Luxembourgish 2-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish verbs
- Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh non-mutable terms
- Welsh colloquial verb forms