Wiktionary

ihr

See also: Ihr and IHR

BavarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with German ihr (personal and possessive pronoun).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

ihr

  1. her (dative)
  2. you (plural, nominative)
    Synonym: eß

See alsoEdit

Bavarian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du — di — dia (dir) da
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
n es, des 's des 's
f se, de 's se 's ihr —
1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —

PronounEdit

ihr (plural ihre)

  1. her (possessive)

See alsoEdit

Bavarian possessive pronouns
attributive (nominative case) independent
singular plural
1st person singular mei meine meins
2nd person singular
(informal) 		dei deine deins
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Eahna Eahnare Eahnas
3rd person singular m, n sei seine seins
f ihr ihre ihrs
1st person plural unsa unsare unsas
2nd person plural eia eire eias
3rd person plural eahna eahnare eahnas

GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • jr (obsolete)

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, Yiddish איר‎ (ir), Dutch jij, gij, je, Middle Dutch ir, English ye, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jūs).

PronunciationEdit

  • (standard) IPA(key): /iːɐ̯/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
  • (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA(key): /ɐ/

PronounEdit

ihr pl

  1. you, ye (plural, familiar)
Usage notesEdit
  • This form is the plural of du, which is used chiefly towards people with whom one is privately acquainted (see there). One uses ihr towards a group of people if one would address every individual in that group with du. However, the plural ihr is somewhat less familiar than the singular du, meaning that it can sometimes be used in semi-formal situations where du towards an individual would not be appropriate. Learners should still, in any case of doubt, use Sie in order to be on the safe side.
  • The form Ihr (capitalized in writing) was formerly the polite second-person form for both singular and plural (compare French vous and Early Modern English you) and was used instead of contemporary Sie. Such usage still survives dialectally in some areas, and is encountered in historical contexts (e.g. fiction taking place in the distant past), but is otherwise rarely heard in standard German.
  • The genitive pronouns are very rare. They are used only in literary and formal style as a genitive object for certain adjectives, prepositions, or verbs which govern the genitive, such as entbehren and gedenken.
  • In the late 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century, the genitive was also eurer instead of euer, e.g. ich erinnere mich eurer instead of ich erinnere mich euer.[1][2][3][4][5]
DeclensionEdit
German personal pronouns
singular plural singular and plural
1st person 2nd person
familiar1		 3rd person 1st person 2nd person
familiar1		 3rd person 2nd person
polite/formal
m f n
nominative ich du
-e2		 er sie
-se2		 es wir
mir3		 ihr sie
-se2		 Sie
Ihr4
genitive meiner
mein4		 deiner
dein4		 seiner
sein4		 ihrer seiner
sein4		 unser euer ihrer Ihrer
Euer4
dative mir dir ihm ihr ihm uns euch ihnen Ihnen
Euch4
accusative mich dich ihn sie
-se2		 es sie
-se2		 Sie
Euch4

1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.    2enclitic, colloquial    3dialectal    4archaic

In older language the genitive is also written ewer and the accusative and dative sometimes ewch.

Etymology 2Edit

From Old High German iru, iro.

PronounEdit

ihr

  1. dative of sie
    Hast du ihr das Buch gegeben?
    Did you give her the book?

Etymology 3Edit

From Old High German ira.

DeterminerEdit

ihr

  1. her (possessive)
    Laura hat mir ihr neues Auto gezeigt.
    Laura showed me her new car.
    Die Katze spielt oft mit ihren Spielsachen.
    The cat often plays with her toys.
  2. its (when the owning object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine)
    die Sonne und ihre Wärme
    the sun and its warmth
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ihr
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative ihr ihre ihr ihre
genitive ihres ihrer ihres ihrer
dative ihrem ihrer ihrem ihren
accusative ihren ihre ihr ihre

Etymology 4Edit

From Old High German iro.

DeterminerEdit

ihr

  1. their
    Die Kinder spielen mit ihrem Hund.
    The kids are playing with their dog.
    die Wolken und ihre Schönheit
    the clouds and their beauty
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ihr
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative ihr ihre ihr ihre
genitive ihres ihrer ihres ihrer
dative ihrem ihrer ihrem ihren
accusative ihren ihre ihr ihre

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Karl Ferdinand Becker: Schulgrammatik der deutschen Sprache. Vierte neubearbeitete Ausgabe. Frankfurt am Main, 1839, p. 143.
  2. ^ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in Götz von Berlichingen: „Götz. Ich erinnere mich eurer nicht.“
  3. ^ Shakspeare, translated by Aug. Wilh. v. Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck, in Maaß für Maaß: „Herzog. Ich erinnere mich eurer, Herr, an dem Ton eurer Stimme[.]“
  4. ^ Konrad Duden: Vollständiges Orthographisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Sechste, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig and Wien, 1900, p. 102: „euer (Genitiv von ihr); euer (nicht: eurer) sind drei; ich erinnere mich euer (nicht: eurer)“
  5. ^ Wahrig: Die deutsche Rechtschreibung. Band 1: A–K. Bertelsmann Lexikon Institut, 2007, p. 529: „ich gedenke euer, ich erinnere mich euer (falsch: eurer)“

Further readingEdit

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