sie
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English sien, from Old English sīgan (“to sink, descend”), from Proto-Germanic *sīganą, *sīhwaną (“to strain, drop”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to pour, strain”). Cognate with Dutch zijgen (“to filter”), German seihen (“to strain, sieve”), Icelandic síga (“to lower”).
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sie (third-person singular simple present sies, present participle sying, simple past and past participle sied)
- (intransitive) To sink; fall; drop.
- (intransitive) To fall, as in a swoon; faint.
- (intransitive, dialectal) To drop, as water; trickle.
- (transitive) To sift.
- (transitive, dialectal) To strain, as milk; filter.
NounEdit
sie (plural sies)
- A drop.
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)
- (rare, nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, "punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:
- If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]
- 2011 May 19, Ken Wickham, The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant[2], CreateSpace, →ISBN, page 7:
- Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.
- 2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape[3], New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, LCCN 2011012058, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18:
- When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, "punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:
Alternative formsEdit
SynonymsEdit
AnagramsEdit
ChibchaEdit
NounEdit
sie
ReferencesEdit
- Comparative Chibchan Phonology (1981)
FinnishEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie (stem siu-)
SynonymsEdit
AnagramsEdit
GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German si, from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī (see Proto-Germanic *iz). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).
PronounEdit
sie f
- she
- Ist sie noch krank?
- Is she still sick?
- Das ist meine Katze. Sie heißt Lili.
- This is my cat. Her name is Lili.
- Ich suche Vanessa. Hast du sie gesehen?
- I'm looking for Vanessa. Have you seen her?
- it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine [die])
- Scheint die Sonne noch? Nein, sie ist schon untergegangen.
- Is the Sun still shining? No, it has already gone down.
- Ich suche meine Brieftasche. Hast du sie gesehen?
- I'm looking for my wallet. Have you seen it?
- he (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a male person, is feminine [die])
- Die Geisel Richard Meier versuchte, sich zu befreien, aber sie schaffte es nicht.
- The hostage Richard Meier tried to break free, but he didn’t succeed.
- Die Wache Michael Müller beschädigte ihr Gewehr, wofür ihr Vorgesetzter sie bestrafte.
- The guardsman Michael Müller damaged his rifle, and his supervisor punished him for that.
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du -e2 |
er | sie -se2 |
es | wir mir3 |
ihr | sie -se2 |
Sie Ihr4 |
genitive | meiner mein4 |
deiner dein4 |
seiner sein4 |
ihrer | seiner sein4 |
unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer4 |
dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch4 |
accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 |
es | sie -se2 |
Sie Euch4 |
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3dialectal 4archaic
- The genitive case ihrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
- While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of personal pronouns has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).
PronounEdit
sie pl
Usage notesEdit
- In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is used only enclitically after a verb, as an ending /zə/. E.g. hamse, könnse. Stressed instances are replaced with the demonstrative pronoun die. This reflects a similar development for es/das.
- While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of a personal pronoun has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du -e2 |
er | sie -se2 |
es | wir mir3 |
ihr | sie -se2 |
Sie Ihr4 |
genitive | meiner mein4 |
deiner dein4 |
seiner sein4 |
ihrer | seiner sein4 |
unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer4 |
dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch4 |
accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 |
es | sie -se2 |
Sie Euch4 |
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3dialectal 4archaic
Further readingEdit
AnagramsEdit
HunsrikEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- sii (Wiesemann spelling system)
Etymology 1Edit
From Old High German siu; cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie
InflectionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich | meer | mer | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de | dich | deer | der | |
3rd person singular (m.) | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f.) | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n.) | es; das | 's | es | ihm | em | |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | |||
2nd person plural | deer | der | eich | |||
3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Etymology 2Edit
From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie
InflectionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich | meer | mer | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de | dich | deer | der | |
3rd person singular (m.) | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f.) | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n.) | es; das | 's | es | ihm | em | |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | |||
2nd person plural | deer | der | eich | |||
3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Further readingEdit
IngrianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *sidek, equivalent to sittoa (“to bind”) + -e. Cognates include Finnish side and Estonian side.
PronunciationEdit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsie/, [ˈs̠ie̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsie/, [ˈʃie̞]
- Rhymes: -ie
- Hyphenation: si‧e
NounEdit
sie
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sie (type 6/lähe, t- gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sie | sitteet |
genitive | sitteen | sittein |
partitive | siettä | sitteitä |
illative | sitteesse | sitteisse |
inessive | sittees | sitteis |
elative | sitteest | sitteist |
allative | sitteelle | sitteille |
adessive | sitteel | sitteil |
ablative | sitteelt | sitteilt |
translative | sitteeks | sitteiks |
essive | sitteennä, sitteen | sitteinnä, sittein |
exessive1) | sitteent | sitteint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
ReferencesEdit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 523
Iu MienEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tsʰje (“hungry”). Cognate with White Hmong tshaib and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] xib.
AdjectiveEdit
sie
KarelianEdit
PronounEdit
sie
ReferencesEdit
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 58
KvenEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Finnish sinä, from Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sie
|
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276
Middle DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie
- Alternative form of si (both feminine singular and all plural)
Middle Low GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
PronounEdit
sie
- Alternative form of sê.
Old EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sīe
Old SaxonEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronounEdit
sie m or f
DeclensionEdit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
DescendantsEdit
- Low German: se
Pennsylvania GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie
DeclensionEdit
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|
1st - Singular | ich | mich | mir mer (unstressed) |
2nd - Singular | du de (unstressed) |
dich | dir der (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Masculine | er | ihn en (unstressed) |
ihm em (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Feminine | sie se (unstressed) |
sie se (unstressed) |
ihre re (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Neuter | es | es | ihm em (unstressed) |
1st - Plural | mir mer (unstressed) |
uns | uns |
2nd - Plural | dihr der (unstressed) |
eich | eich |
3rd - Plural | sie | sie | ihne ne (unstressed) |
2nd - Polite | Sie | Sie | Ihne Ne (unstressed) |
RomanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sie
- (rare) (to) himself/herself/itself/themselves (stressed reflexive-dative form of el, ea, ei and ele)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- își (unstressed form)
VenetianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
sie