sie

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sie"

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English sien, from Old English sīgan (“to sink, descend”), from Proto-Germanic *sīganą, *sīhwaną (“to strain, drop”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to pour, strain”). Cognate with Dutch zijgen (“to filter”), German seihen (“to strain, sieve”), Icelandic síga (“to lower”).

Alternative forms edit

sigh
sey, sye (Scotland)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /saɪ/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
Rhymes: -aɪ

Verb edit

sie (third-person singular simple present sies, present participle sying, simple past and past participle sied)

(intransitive) To sink; fall; drop.
(intransitive) To fall, as in a swoon; faint.
(intransitive, dialectal) To drop, as water; trickle.
(transitive) To sift.
(transitive, dialectal) To strain, as milk; filter.

Noun edit

sie (plural sies)

A drop.

Related terms edit

sile

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /siː/
Homophones: c, cee, sea, see

Pronoun edit

sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)

(rare, nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, “punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):
  If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]
- 2010 September 16, Jessica Freely, Amaranth and Ash‎^[1], La Vergne: Lightning Source, →ISBN, page 101:
  "You must be Ash," sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.
- 2011 May 19, Ken Wickham, The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant‎^[2], CreateSpace, →ISBN, page 7:
  Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.
- 2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape‎^[3], New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18:
  When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'

Chibcha edit

Noun edit

sie

water

References edit

Comparative Chibchan Phonology (1981)

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

Dialectal variant of sinä (through siä); see it and its etymon, Proto-Finnic *cinä, for more.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/, [ˈs̠ie̞̯]
Rhymes: -ie
Syllabification^(key): sie

Pronoun edit

sie (stem siu-) (dialectal)

(personal) you (singular; in archaic English: thou).

Usage notes edit

The siu- stem is used in eastern Finland, not in Lapland.

Synonyms edit

sinä (standard Finnish)
sä (colloquial)
sää (dialectal)

Anagrams edit

eis, esi-, ies, sei

German edit

Alternative forms edit

se, -se (enclitic; colloquial)

Pronunciation edit

(standard) IPA^(key): /ziː/

Audio (file)
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -iː

(colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /zə/

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle High German siu, si, from Old High German siu, si, from Proto-West Germanic *si(j)u, *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī (see Proto-Germanic *iz). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).

Pronoun edit

sie f

she
Ist sie noch krank? (
Audio (file)
)
Is she still sick?

Das ist meine Katze. Sie heißt Lili. (
Audio (file)
)
This is my cat. Her name is Lili.

Ich suche Vanessa. Hast du sie gesehen? (
Audio (file)
)
I'm looking for Vanessa. Have you seen her?
it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine [die])
Scheint die Sonne noch? Nein, sie ist schon untergegangen. (
Audio (file)
)
Is the sun still shining? No, it has already gone down.

Ich suche meine Brieftasche. Hast du sie gesehen? (
Audio (file)
)
I'm looking for my wallet. Have you seen it?
he (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a male person, is feminine [die])
Die Geisel Richard Meier versuchte, sich zu befreien, aber sie schaffte es nicht.
The hostage Richard Meier tried to break free, but he didn’t succeed.

Die Wache Michael Müller beschädigte ihr Gewehr, wofür ihr Vorgesetzter sie bestrafte.
The guardsman Michael Müller damaged his rifle, and his supervisor punished him for that.

Declension edit

German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	singular					plural			singular and plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr³
genitive	meiner mein³	deiner dein³	seiner sein³	ihrer	seiner sein³	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer³
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch³
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch³

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic, colloquial ³archaic

The genitive case ihrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of personal pronouns has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.

Related terms edit

hatse (hat + -se)

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle High German sie, si (neuter siu), from Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).

Pronoun edit

sie pl

they; them

Usage notes edit

In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is used only enclitically after a verb, as an ending /zə/. E.g. hamse, könnse. Stressed instances are replaced with the demonstrative pronoun die. This reflects a similar development for es/das.
While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of a personal pronoun has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.

Declension edit

German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	singular					plural			singular and plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr³
genitive	meiner mein³	deiner dein³	seiner sein³	ihrer	seiner sein³	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer³
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch³
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch³

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic, colloquial ³archaic

Anagrams edit

sei
Eis

Hunsrik edit

Alternative forms edit

sii (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology 1 edit

From Old High German siu; cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun edit

sie

she

Inflection edit

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Etymology 2 edit

From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun edit

sie

they

Inflection edit

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *sidek, equivalent to sittoa (“to bind”) +‎ -e. Cognates include Finnish side and Estonian side.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsie/, [ˈs̠ie̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsie/, [ˈʃie̞]
Rhymes: -ie
Hyphenation: si‧e

Noun edit

sie

bond; tie
bandage

Declension edit

Declension of sie (type 6/lähe, t- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sie	sitteet
genitive	sitteen	sittein
partitive	siettä	sitteitä
illative	sitteesse	sitteisse
inessive	sittees	sitteis
elative	sitteest	sitteist
allative	sitteelle	sitteille
adessive	sitteel	sitteil
ablative	sitteelt	sitteilt
translative	sitteeks	sitteiks
essive	sitteennä, sitteen	sitteinnä, sittein
exessive¹⁾	sitteent	sitteint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

References edit

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 523

Iu Mien edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tsʰje (“hungry”). Cognate with White Hmong tshaib and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] xib.

Adjective edit

sie

hungry

Karelian edit

Pronoun edit

sie

Superseded spelling of šie.

References edit

P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 58

Kven edit

Etymology edit

From Finnish sinä, from Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/

Pronoun edit

sie

thou, you (singular)

Declension edit

Declension of sie

	singular	plural
nominative	sie	tet
genitive	sinun	teiđän, teän
partitive	sinnuu, sinua	teitä
accusative	sinun	teiđät, teät
illative	sinhuun	teihin
inessive	sinussa	teissä
elative	sinusta	teistä
allative	sinule, sinulet, sulle, sullet	teile, teilet
adessive	sinula, sulla	teilä
ablative	sinulta, sulta	teiltä
translative	sinuna	teinä
essive	sinuksi	teiksi
abessive	sinutta	teittä

References edit

Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276

Middle Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /siə/, /si/

Pronoun edit

sie

Alternative form of si (both feminine singular and all plural)

Middle High German edit

Etymology 1 edit

Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural).

Alternative forms edit

sî, si

Pronoun edit

sie m pl or f pl

nominative/accusative masculine plural of ër
nominative/accusative feminine plural of siu

Inflection edit

Middle High German personal pronouns
Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative
Singular	First		ich	mîn	mir	mich
	Second		du, dû	dîn	dir	dich
	Third	Masculine	ër	sîn	im(e)	in
		Feminine	siu (sî, si)	ir(e)	ir(e)	sie (sî, si)
		Neuter	ëȥ	es	im(e)	ëȥ
Plural	First		wir	unser	uns	unsich, uns
	Second		ir	iuwer	iu	iuch
	Third	Masculine	sie (sî, si)	ir(e)	in	sie (sî, si)
		Feminine	sie (sî, si)			sie (sî, si)
		Neuter	siu, (sî, si)			siu (sî, si)

Descendants edit

German: sie

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

sie

accusative feminine of siu

Middle Low German edit

Pronunciation edit

Stem vowel: ê⁴
- IPA^(key): /siə/, /siɛ/

Pronoun edit

sie

Alternative form of sê.

Old English edit

Alternative forms edit

sȳ, sīæ, sī, sīġ, sȳġ

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /si͜yː/

Verb edit

sīe

singular present subjunctive of wesan

Old Saxon edit

Alternative forms edit

sia

Pronoun edit

sie m or f

she (accusative)
they

Declension edit

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia	it
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is

Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Genitive	unkero, unka	inker, inka	-	-	-

Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu	sia	sia	siu
Dative	ūs	eu, iu, iuu	im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

Descendants edit

Low German: se

Pennsylvania German edit

Etymology 1 edit

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun edit

sie f

she, her

Declension edit

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Etymology 2 edit

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun edit

sie

they, them

Declension edit

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Romanian edit

Alternative forms edit

sieși

Etymology edit

From Latin sibi.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈsi.e/

Pronoun edit

sie

(rare) (to) himself/herself/itself/themselves (stressed reflexive-dative form of el, ea, ei and ele)

Derived terms edit

sieși

Related terms edit

își (unstressed form)

Silesian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish się.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɕɛ/
Rhymes: -ɛ
Syllabification: sie

Pronoun edit

sie

reflexive pronoun; oneself, self
each other, one another

Declension edit

Declension of sie

	singular/plural
nominative	—
genitive	sie
dative	sobie
accusative	sie
instrumental	sobōm
locative	sobie

Alternative forms edit

siebie

Particle edit

sie

creates the passive voice
creates the impersonal voice
expresses that the action is done without restriction, freely

Venetian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin sex. Compare Italian sei.

Noun edit

sie

six

	first	second	third anim	third anim or inan
singular	mie	sie	hän	se
plural	met	tet	het	net

sie

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Noun edit

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Alternative forms edit

Synonyms edit

Anagrams edit

Chibcha edit

Noun edit

References edit

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Usage notes edit

Synonyms edit

Anagrams edit

German edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronoun edit

Declension edit

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

Usage notes edit

Declension edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Hunsrik edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Inflection edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Inflection edit

Further reading edit

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

References edit

Iu Mien edit

Etymology edit

Adjective edit

Karelian edit

Pronoun edit

References edit

Kven edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Declension edit

See also edit

References edit

Middle Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

Middle High German edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronoun edit

Inflection edit

Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronoun edit

Middle Low German edit

Pronunciation edit