kasih
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay kasih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kasih (first-person possessive kasihku, second-person possessive kasihmu, third-person possessive kasihnya)
Derived terms edit
Verb edit
kasih
- (intransitive) to give affection
- (colloquial, transitive) to give
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of kasih (meng-, intransitive) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | kasih | ||||
Active | Involuntary | Passive | Imperative | Jussive | |
Active | mengasih | terkasih | dikasih | kasih | kasihlah |
Locative | mengasihi | terkasihi | dikasihi | kasihi | kasihilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengasihkan | terkasihkan | dikasihkan | kasihkan | kasihkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Active | memperkasih | terperkasih | diperkasih | perkasih | perkasihlah |
Locative | memperkasihi | terperkasihi | diperkasihi | perkasihi | perkasihilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | memperkasihkan | terperkasihkan | diperkasihkan | perkasihkan | perkasihkanlah |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kasih” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Maguindanao edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”).
Noun edit
kasih
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (kasīh), in inflected form kasīhan (current spelling kasihan). Sense of "giving" may be semantic extension from the action of loving into repaying or providing reciprocal affection.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kasih (Jawi spelling کاسيه, plural kasih-kasih, informal 1st possessive kasihku, 2nd possessive kasihmu, 3rd possessive kasihnya)
Derived terms edit
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- terima kasih (“thank you”)
- kasih sayang (“affection, fondness”)
Verb edit
kasih
Derived terms edit
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengasih (“lover”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- kekasih (“lover”) [passive] (ke-)
- kasihan (“pity, sympathy”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- mengasihani (“to pity”) [agent focus + repetition / reciprocity + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -an + -i)
- mengasihi (“to love”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- berkasih-kasihan (“to be in love with each other”) [reduplication + stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (redup + beR- + -an)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
References edit
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کاسه kasih”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 74
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کاسه kaseh”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 494-5
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kaseh”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 514
Further reading edit
- “kasih” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.