kerja
As
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Indonesian kerja.
Verb
editkerja
- to work
References
edit- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Icelandic
editNoun
editkerja
Indonesian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Malay kerja, from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya). Doublet of karya.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /kərˈd͡ʒa/ [kərˈd͡ʒa]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ker‧ja
Noun
editkêrja (first-person possessive kerjaku, second-person possessive kerjamu, third-person possessive kerjanya)
- work:
- action: a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings).
- Synonym: aksi
Verb
editkêrja
- (colloquial) to work
- Synonym: bekerja
Conjugation
editConjugation of kerja (ber-, intransitive) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | kerja | ||||
Active | Involuntary | Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
Active | bekerja | kerja | kerjalah | ||
Locative | mengerjai | tekerjai | dikerjai | kerjai | kerjailah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengerjakan | tekerjakan | dikerjakan | kerjakan | kerjakanlah |
Causative | |||||
Locative | |||||
Causative / Applicative1 | mempekerjakan | teperkerjakan | dipekerjakan | pekerjakan | pekerjakanlah |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- → As: kerja
Further reading
edit- “kerja” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
editRomanization
editkerja
- Romanization of ꦏꦼꦂꦗ
Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit कार्य (kārya), doublet of karya. Displaced gawai.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkerja (Jawi spelling کرجا, plural kerja-kerja, informal 1st possessive kerjaku, 2nd possessive kerjamu, 3rd possessive kerjanya)
- work; occupation
- job; task
- Synonym: tugasan
Verb
editkerja (Jawi spelling کرجا)
- to work
Derived terms
editAffixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pekerja (“worker”) [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
- pekerjaan (“occupation”) [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
- pengerjaan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- kerjaan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- mengerjakan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dikerjakan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- memperkerjakan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
- diperkerjakan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
Descendants
edit- > Indonesian: kerja, kerdja (pre-1947, 1947-1972) (inherited)
- → As: kerja
- → Javanese: ꦏꦼꦂꦗ (kerja)
- → Minangkabau: karajo
References
edit- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کرج kĕrdja”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 80
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کرج kĕrja”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 511
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kĕrja”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 441
Further reading
edit- “kerja” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Categories:
- As terms borrowed from Indonesian
- As terms derived from Indonesian
- As lemmas
- As verbs
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Sanskrit
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Indonesian/a
- Rhymes:Indonesian/a/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Physics
- Indonesian verbs
- Indonesian colloquialisms
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Malay terms derived from Sanskrit
- Malay doublets
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/d͡ʒa
- Rhymes:Malay/a
- Rhymes:Malay/a/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay verbs
- Malay verbs without transitivity