purra

See also: púrra

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpʰʊɹːa/
• Rhymes: -ʊɹːa

Etymology 1

Noun

purra f (genitive singular purru, plural purrur)

1. (dialectal) testicle

Declension

f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	purra	purran	purrur	purrurnar
accusative	purru	purruna	purrur	purrurnar
dative	purru	purruni	purrum	purrunum
genitive	purru	purrunnar	purra	purranna

Etymology 2

From Latin porrum.

Noun

purra f (genitive singular purru, plural purrur)

1. leek

Declension

f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	purra	purran	purrur	purrurnar
accusative	purru	purruna	purrur	purrurnar
dative	purru	purruni	purrum	purrunum
genitive	purru	purrunnar	purra	purranna

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *purdak, from Proto-Uralic *pore-. Cognates include Estonian purema, Northern Sami borrat and Erzya поремс (porems).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpurːɑˣ/, [ˈpurːɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -urːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pur‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): pur‧ra

Verb

purra

1. (transitive) to bite (cut into something by clamping the teeth; attack with teeth) [with illative or allative ‘in/on’]

   purra sormeen ― to bite in the finger

2. (transitive) to bite (take hold; to establish firm contact with, e.g. of cutting tools like saws) [with illative or allative ‘in/on’]
3. (figuratively, intransitive) to work, have an effect, do the trick [with illative ‘on’]
4. (figuratively) to bite (cause sharp pain or damage (to), especially of cold)

Usage notes

purra (“to bite”) does not confine the action temporally, and it may be instantaneous or continuous.

Conjugation

Inflection of purra (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		puren	en pure	1st sing.	olen purrut	en ole purrut
2nd sing.		puret	et pure	2nd sing.	olet purrut	et ole purrut
3rd sing.		puree	ei pure	3rd sing.	on purrut	ei ole purrut
1st plur.		puremme	emme pure	1st plur.	olemme purreet	emme ole purreet
2nd plur.		purette	ette pure	2nd plur.	olette purreet	ette ole purreet
3rd plur.		purevat	eivät pure	3rd plur.	ovat purreet	eivät ole purreet
passive		purraan	ei purra	passive	on purtu	ei ole purtu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		purin	en purrut	1st sing.	olin purrut	en ollut purrut
2nd sing.		purit	et purrut	2nd sing.	olit purrut	et ollut purrut
3rd sing.		puri	ei purrut	3rd sing.	oli purrut	ei ollut purrut
1st plur.		purimme	emme purreet	1st plur.	olimme purreet	emme olleet purreet
2nd plur.		puritte	ette purreet	2nd plur.	olitte purreet	ette olleet purreet
3rd plur.		purivat	eivät purreet	3rd plur.	olivat purreet	eivät olleet purreet
passive		purtiin	ei purtu	passive	oli purtu	ei ollut purtu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		purisin	en purisi	1st sing.	olisin purrut	en olisi purrut
2nd sing.		purisit	et purisi	2nd sing.	olisit purrut	et olisi purrut
3rd sing.		purisi	ei purisi	3rd sing.	olisi purrut	ei olisi purrut
1st plur.		purisimme	emme purisi	1st plur.	olisimme purreet	emme olisi purreet
2nd plur.		purisitte	ette purisi	2nd plur.	olisitte purreet	ette olisi purreet
3rd plur.		purisivat	eivät purisi	3rd plur.	olisivat purreet	eivät olisi purreet
passive		purtaisiin	ei purtaisi	passive	olisi purtu	ei olisi purtu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		pure	älä pure	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		purkoon	älköön purko	3rd sing.	olkoon purrut	älköön olko purrut
1st plur.		purkaamme	älkäämme purko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		purkaa	älkää purko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		purkoot	älkööt purko	3rd plur.	olkoot purreet	älkööt olko purreet
passive		purtakoon	älköön purtako	passive	olkoon purtu	älköön olko purtu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		purren	en purre	1st sing.	lienen purrut	en liene purrut
2nd sing.		purret	et purre	2nd sing.	lienet purrut	et liene purrut
3rd sing.		purree	ei purre	3rd sing.	lienee purrut	ei liene purrut
1st plur.		purremme	emme purre	1st plur.	lienemme purreet	emme liene purreet
2nd plur.		purrette	ette purre	2nd plur.	lienette purreet	ette liene purreet
3rd plur.		purrevat	eivät purre	3rd plur.	lienevät purreet	eivät liene purreet
passive		purtaneen	ei purtane	passive	lienee purtu	ei liene purtu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		purra		present	pureva	purtava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st purrakseni purraksemme 2nd purraksesi purraksenne 3rd purrakseen purraksensa		past	purrut	purtu
2nd	inessive2	purressa	purtaessa	agent4	purema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st purressani purressamme 2nd purressasi purressanne 3rd purressaan purressansa		negative	purematon
	instructive	purren	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	puremassa	—
	elative	puremasta	—
	illative	puremaan	—
	adessive	puremalla	—
	abessive	purematta	—
	instructive	pureman	purtaman
4th3	verbal noun	pureminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st puremaisillani puremaisillamme 2nd puremaisillasi puremaisillanne 3rd puremaisillaan puremaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

• purema
• pureminen
• purenta
• purija
• puru

verbs

• puraista
• pureksia
• pureskella
• purettaa
• pureutua

compounds

• puremahaava
• puremalihas

idioms

• purra hammasta
• purra ruokkivaa kättä

Further reading

• “purra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• parru

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *purdak. Cognates include Finnish purra and Estonian pureda.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpurːɑ/, [ˈpurː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpurːɑ/, [ˈpurːɑ]
• Rhymes: -urː, -urːɑ
• Hyphenation: pur‧ra

Verb

purra

1. (transitive) to bite

Conjugation

Conjugation of purra (type 11/pessä, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	puren	en pure	1st singular	oon purt, oon purrut	en oo purt, en oo purrut
2nd singular	puret	et pure	2nd singular	oot purt, oot purrut	et oo purt, et oo purrut
3rd singular	purroo	ei pure	3rd singular	ono purt, ono purrut	ei oo purt, ei oo purrut
1st plural	puremma	emmä pure	1st plural	oomma purreet	emmä oo purreet
2nd plural	puretta	että pure	2nd plural	ootta purreet	että oo purreet
3rd plural	purroot1), purevat2), purraa	evät pure, ei purra	3rd plural	ovat purreet	evät oo purreet, ei oo purtu
impersonal	purraa	ei purra	impersonal	ono purtu	ei oo purtu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	purin	en purt, en purrut	1st singular	olin purt, olin purrut	en olt purt, en olt purrut
2nd singular	purit	et purt, et purrut	2nd singular	olit purt, olit purrut	et olt purt, et olt purrut
3rd singular	puri	ei purt, ei purrut	3rd singular	oli purt, oli purrut	ei olt purt, ei olt purrut
1st plural	purimma	emmä purreet	1st plural	olimma purreet	emmä olleet purreet
2nd plural	puritta	että purreet	2nd plural	olitta purreet	että olleet purreet
3rd plural	purriit1), purivat2), purtii	evät purreet, ei purtu	3rd plural	olivat purreet	evät olleet purreet, ei olt purtu
impersonal	purtii	ei purtu	impersonal	oli purtu	ei olt purtu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	purisin	en puris	1st singular	olisin purt, olisin purrut	en olis purt, en olis purrut
2nd singular	purisit, purriist1)	et puris	2nd singular	olisit purt, olisit purrut	et olis purt, et olis purrut
3rd singular	puris	ei puris	3rd singular	olis purt, olis purrut	ei olis purt, ei olis purrut
1st plural	purisimma	emmä puris	1st plural	olisimma purreet	emmä olis purreet
2nd plural	purisitta	että puris	2nd plural	olisitta purreet	että olis purreet
3rd plural	purisiit1), purisivat2), purtais	evät puris, ei purtais	3rd plural	olisivat purreet	evät olis purreet, ei olis purtu
impersonal	purtais	ei purtais	impersonal	olis purtu	ei olis purtu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	pure	elä pure	2nd singular	oo purt, oo purrut	elä oo purt, elä oo purrut
3rd singular	purkoo	elköö purko	3rd singular	olkoo purt, olkoo purrut	elköö olko purt, elköö olko purrut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	purkaa	elkää purko	2nd plural	olkaa purreet	elkää olko purreet
3rd plural	purkoot	elkööt purko, elköö purtako	3rd plural	olkoot purreet	elkööt olko purreet, elköö olko purtu
impersonal	purtakoo	elköö purtako	impersonal	olkoo purtu	elköö olko purtu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	purren	en purre
2nd singular	purret	et purre
3rd singular	purroo	ei purre
1st plural	purremma	emmä purre
2nd plural	purretta	että purre
3rd plural	purroot	evät purre, ei purtane
impersonal	purtanoo	ei purtane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		purra	present	pureva	purtava
2nd	inessive	purrees	past	purt, purrut	purtu
	instructive	purren	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (purkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	puromaa
	inessive	puromaas
	elative	puromast
	abessive	puromata
4th	nominative	puromiin
	partitive	puromista, puromist

Derived terms

• puru
• puruli

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 443

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *purdak, from Proto-Uralic *pore-.

Verb

purra

1. to bite

Spanish

Verb

purra

1. inflection of purrir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Swedish

Etymology

From an original base meaning "to stick in, prod," probably of imitative origin, similar to Danish purre, Dutch porren (“to poke, prod”).

Verb

purra (present purrar, preterite purrade, supine purrat, imperative purra)

1. (especially nautical) to call (rouse from sleep, awaken)

Conjugation

Conjugation of purra (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	purra		purras
supine	purrat		purrats
imperative	purra		—
imper. plural1	purren		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	purrar	purrade	purras	purrades
ind. plural1	purra	purrade	purras	purrades
subjunctive2	purre	purrade	purres	purrades
present participle		purrande
past participle		purrad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• purra in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• purra in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• purra in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• purra in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
• purra in Svenskt nautiskt lexikon (1920)