rauchen
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German rouchen, röuchen, from Old High German rouhhen, from Proto-West Germanic *raukijan. By surface analysis, Rauch (“smoke”) + -en.
The form without umlaut is due to (chiefly Upper German) umlaut hindrance before velars and/or readaptation to the noun. Some dialects use either form throughout, others came to distinguish both forms (transitive vs. intransitive). In the latter case, the umlauted form usually took on the transitive use. In Modern Standard German, räuchen was displaced by the extended form räuchern (see there). The use for “to inhale tobacco” (later 17th c.) is a calque of French fumer.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrauchen (weak, third-person singular present raucht, past tense rauchte, past participle geraucht, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to smoke, give off smoke
- Das abgebrannte Haus raucht noch immer.
- The burned-down house is still smoking.
- (intransitive or transitive) to smoke (tobacco etc.)
- Ich rauche nicht. ― I don’t smoke.
- Er raucht eine Zigarette. ― He’s smoking a cigarette.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | rauchen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | rauchend | ||||
past participle | geraucht | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich rauche | wir rauchen | i | ich rauche | wir rauchen |
du rauchst | ihr raucht | du rauchest | ihr rauchet | ||
er raucht | sie rauchen | er rauche | sie rauchen | ||
preterite | ich rauchte | wir rauchten | ii | ich rauchte1 | wir rauchten1 |
du rauchtest | ihr rauchtet | du rauchtest1 | ihr rauchtet1 | ||
er rauchte | sie rauchten | er rauchte1 | sie rauchten1 | ||
imperative | rauch (du) rauche (du) |
raucht (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms suffixed with -en
- German terms calqued from French
- German terms derived from French
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German transitive verbs
- de:Recreational drugs