Wiktionary

丙

丙 U+4E19, 丙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E19
← 丘
[U+4E18] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 业 →
[U+4E1A]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

丙 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一人月 (MOB), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱一内)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №515

Derived characters edit

Further reading edit

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 丙:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/四畫#丙|一部/四畫]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35
  • Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 16, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E19

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 丙

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 丙
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
                 
Oracle bone script
 

j30094

 

j30095

 

j30096

 

j30097

 

j30098

 

j30099

 

j30100

 

j30101

 

j30102

 

j30103

 

j30104

 

j30105

 

j30106

 

j30107

 

j30108

 

j30109

 

j30110

 

j30111

 

j30112

 

j30113

 

j30114

 

j30115

 

j30116

 

j30117

 

j30118

 

j30119

 

j30120

 

j30121

 

j30122

 

j30123

 

j30124

 

j30125

Bronze inscriptions
 

b20266

 

b20267

 

b20268

 

b20269

 

b20270

 

b20271

 

b20272

 

b20273

 

b20274

 

b20275

 

b20276

 

b20277

 

b20278

 

b20279

 

b20280

 

b20281

 

b20282

 

b20283

 

b20284

 

b20285

 

b20286

 

b20287

 

b20288

 

b20289

 

b20290

 

b20291

Small seal script
 

s10945

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L35138

 

L35139

 

L35140

 

L17697

 

L17698

 

L17699

 

L17700

 

L17701

 

L17702

 

L17703

 

L17704

 

L17705

 

L17706

 

L17707

 

L17708

 

L17709

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Various theories:

  • Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
  • Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya).
  • Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
  • Pictogram (象形) – small table.
  • Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).

Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem.

Etymology 1 edit

Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙, meaning "couplet" or "bivalve", referring to an asterism.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • piáⁿ - vernacular;
  • péng - literary.
Rime
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 兵永切
Baxter pjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/piɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjængX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋʔ/
English 3d heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
No. 883
Phonetic
component 		丙
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丙
Old
Chinese 		/*pqraŋʔ/
Notes 甲文象二石相對並，
與竝同源，後轉註爲兩。又史諱通景

Definitions edit

丙

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third; C
  3. a surname
Coordinate terms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

  • → Zhuang: bingj

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 丙 – see 抦 (“to beat”).
(This character is a variant form of 抦).

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

丙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third in rank

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
丙
へい
Grade: S
on’yomi
 丙 on Japanese Wikipedia
 Heavenly Stems on Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 丙 (pjængX).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

丙(へい) • (hei) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems; something of the third rank
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
丙
ひのえ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

火 (Hi, “Fire”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

丙(ひのえ) • (hinoe) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean edit

Hanja edit

丙 (eumhun 셋째 천간 병 (setjjae cheon'gan byeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 병 (“third heavenly stem”).
  2. Hanja form? of 병 (“third”).

丙 (eumhun 남녘 병 (namnyeok byeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 병 (“south, southern”).

References edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

丙: Hán Việt readings: bính
丙: Nôm readings: biếng, bính

  1. chữ Hán form of Bính (“third of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds edit

References edit

  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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